国际赛IrisCTF在前几天举办,遇到了一道有意思的题目,特来总结。
题目
附件如下:📎babyrevjohnson.tar
解题过程
关键main函数分析如下:
int __fastcall main(int argc, const char **argv, const char **envp){ int v4; // [rsp+4h] [rbp-7Ch] int v5; // [rsp+4h] [rbp-7Ch] int v6; // [rsp+8h] [rbp-78h] int v7; // [rsp+Ch] [rbp-74h] char input[104]; // [rsp+10h] [rbp-70h] BYREF unsigned __int64 v9; // [rsp+78h] [rbp-8h] v9 = __readfsqword(0x28u); puts("Welcome to the Johnson's family!"); puts("You have gotten to know each person decently well, so let's see if you remember all of the facts."); puts("(Remember that each of the members like different things from each other.)"); v4 = 0; while ( v4 <= 3 ) // 在提供的颜色中,选择4种{ printf("Please choose %s's favorite color: ", (&names)[v4]);// 4个人 __isoc99_scanf("%99s", input); if ( !strcmp(input, colors) ){ v6 = 1; // red goto LABEL_11;} if ( !strcmp(input, s2) ){ v6 = 2; // blue goto LABEL_11;} if ( !strcmp(input, off_4050) ){ v6 = 3; // green goto LABEL_11;} if ( !strcmp(input, off_4058) ){ v6 = 4; // yellow LABEL_11: if ( v6 == chosenColors[0] || v6 == dword_4094 || v6 == dword_4098 || v6 == dword_409C )// 选择4个颜色,然后顺序不能一样 puts("That option was already chosen!"); else chosenColors[v4++] = v6; // 存储选择的颜色(已经转换成了数字)} else{ puts("Invalid color!");}} v5 = 0; while ( v5 <= 3 ){ printf("Please choose %s's favorite food: ", (&names)[v5]);// 4个人最喜欢的食物 __isoc99_scanf("%99s", input); if ( !strcmp(input, foods) ){ v7 = 1; // pizza goto LABEL_28;} if ( !strcmp(input, off_4068) ){ v7 = 2; // pasta goto LABEL_28;} if ( !strcmp(input, off_4070) ){ v7 = 3; // steak goto LABEL_28;} if ( !strcmp(input, off_4078) ){ v7 = 4; // chicken LABEL_28: if ( v7 == chosenFoods[0] || v7 == dword_40A4 || v7 == dword_40A8 || v7 == dword_40AC ) puts("That option was already chosen!"); else chosenFoods[v5++] = v7;} else{ puts("Invalid food!");}} check(); // 开始check,检测我们输入的颜色和食物是否正确 return 0;
} -----------------------------------------------------------------------
将check提取出来,我们方便分析
其实到这里已经可以得到结果了,国外的题目确实很讲究趣味性,用颜色和食物作为导向,引导一步一步分析
笔者使用静态分析的方法,一步一步跟踪
C++
int check(){ bool v0; // dl _BOOL4 v1; // eax _BOOL4 v2; // edx v0 = dword_40A8 != 2 && dword_40AC != 2; v1 = v0 && dword_4094 != 1; v2 = chosenColors[0] != 3 && dword_4094 != 3; if ( !v2 || !v1 || chosenFoods[0] != 4 || dword_40AC == 3 || dword_4098 == 4 || dword_409C != 2 ) return puts("Incorrect."); puts("Correct!"); return system("cat flag.txt"); // 执行cat flag的命令
} -----------------------------------------------------------------------
对应的输入值地址如下:
我们将颜色color数组用x系列表示,将食物用food数组y系列表示
化简如下:
C++ v0 = y3 != 2 && y4 != 2; v1 = v0 && x2 != 1; v2 = x1 != 3 && x2 != 3; if ( !v2 || !v1 || y1 != 4 || y4 == 3 || x3 == 4 || x4 != 2){ //错误} else{ //成功
} -----------------------------------------------------------------------
思路1:简单粗暴的爆破,但不是学习的目的,因此并不采用
思路2:锻炼写脚本能力,使用z3解题可以锻炼写脚本的能力,因此采用
Python
from z3 import * # 创建变量 x1, x2, x3, x4 = Ints('x1 x2 x3 x4') y1, y2, y3, y4 = Ints('y1 y2 y3 y4') # 创建约束条件 v0 = And(y3 != 2, y4 != 2) v1 = And(v0, x2 != 1) v2 = And(x1 != 3, x2 != 3) # 创建条件语句 cond = Or(Not(v2), Not(v1), y1 != 4, y4 == 3, x3 == 4, x4 != 2) cond1 = Not(cond) #正常来说,cond的值要为false的,但是z3的add添加的条件必须为1才行,因此要进行取反操作 # 创建求解器 solver = Solver() # 添加约束条件和条件语句到求解器 solver.add(cond1)#这里添加的条件必须为true,所以最后使用了 not 进行取反操作 # 求解 if solver.check() == sat: # 如果有解,则获取解 model = solver.model() # 打印解 print("成功:") print("x1 =", model[x1]) print("x2 =", model[x2]) print("x3 =", model[x3]) print("x4 =", model[x4]) print("y1 =", model[y1]) print("y2 =", model[y2]) print("y3 =", model[y3]) print("y4 =", model[y4]) else:
print("无解") ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
得到结果
Python
成功: x1 = 4 x2 = 0 x3 = 5 x4 = 2 y1 = 4 y2 = None y3 = 3
y4 = 0 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
其实有经验的师傅发现了,这是有多解的,因为没有为约束变量添加范围约束
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改进之后的代码如下:
Python
from z3 import * # 创建变量 x1, x2, x3, x4 = Ints('x1 x2 x3 x4') y1, y2, y3, y4 = Ints('y1 y2 y3 y4') # 创建约束条件 v0 = And(y3 != 2, y4 != 2) v1 = And(v0, x2 != 1) v2 = And(x1 != 3, x2 != 3) range_constraint = And(x1 >= 1, x1 <= 4, x2 >= 1, x2 <= 4, x3 >= 1, x3 <= 4, x4 >= 1, x4 <= 4, y1 >= 1, y1 <= 4, y2 >= 1, y2 <= 4, y3 >= 1, y3 <= 4, y4 >= 1, y4 <= 4) # 创建条件语句 cond = Or(Not(v2), Not(v1), y1 != 4, y4 == 3, x3 == 4, x4 != 2) cond1 = Not(cond) #正常来说,cond的值要为false的,但是z3的add添加的条件必须为1才行,因此要进行取反操作 # 创建求解器 solver = Solver() # 添加约束条件和条件语句到求解器 solver.add(cond1)#这里添加的条件必须为true,所以最后使用了 not 进行取反操作 solver.add(range_constraint) # 求解 if solver.check() == sat: # 如果有解,则获取解 model = solver.model() # 打印解 print("成功:") print("x1 =", model[x1]) print("x2 =", model[x2]) print("x3 =", model[x3]) print("x4 =", model[x4]) print("y1 =", model[y1]) print("y2 =", model[y2]) print("y3 =", model[y3]) print("y4 =", model[y4]) else:
print("无解") ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
得到结果:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Python 成功: x1 = 1 x2 = 4 x3 = 1 x4 = 2 y1 = 4 y2 = 1 y3 = 3
y4 = 4 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
发现x1和x3重复了,因此还要添加值不重复约束
Python from z3 import * # 创建变量 x1, x2, x3, x4 = Ints('x1 x2 x3 x4') y1, y2, y3, y4 = Ints('y1 y2 y3 y4') # 创建约束条件 v0 = And(y3 != 2, y4 != 2) v1 = And(v0, x2 != 1) v2 = And(x1 != 3, x2 != 3) #值范围约束 range_constraint = And(x1 >= 1, x1 <= 4, x2 >= 1, x2 <= 4, x3 >= 1, x3 <= 4, x4 >= 1, x4 <= 4, y1 >= 1, y1 <= 4, y2 >= 1, y2 <= 4, y3 >= 1, y3 <= 4, y4 >= 1, y4 <= 4) #非重复值约束 distinct_x=Distinct(x1,x2,x3,x4) distinct_y=Distinct(y1,y2,y3,y4) # 创建条件语句 cond = Or(Not(v2), Not(v1), y1 != 4, y4 == 3, x3 == 4, x4 != 2) cond1 = Not(cond) #正常来说,cond的值要为false的,但是z3的add添加的条件必须为1才行,因此要进行取反操作 # 创建求解器 solver = Solver() # 添加约束条件和条件语句到求解器 solver.add(cond1)#这里添加的条件必须为true,所以最后使用了 not 进行取反操作 solver.add(range_constraint) solver.add(distinct_y) solver.add(distinct_x) # 求解 if solver.check() == sat: # 如果有解,则获取解 model = solver.model() # 打印解 print("成功:") print("x1 =", model[x1]) print("x2 =", model[x2]) print("x3 =", model[x3]) print("x4 =", model[x4]) print("y1 =", model[y1]) print("y2 =", model[y2]) print("y3 =", model[y3]) print("y4 =", model[y4]) else:
print("无解") ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
最终得到正确的结果
Python 成功: x1 = 1 x2 = 4 x3 = 3 x4 = 2 y1 = 4 y2 = 2 y3 = 3
y4 = 1
x1-x4= 1 4 3 2
y1-y4= 4 2 3 1
按照这样的顺序输入即可:
得到了flag
irisctf{m0r3_th4n_0n3_l0g1c_puzzl3_h3r3}
总结
题目并不是很难,没有复杂的ollvm混淆也没有复杂的加密。但是却一步一步引导我们去学习和总结。z3解题的过程中,会有很多误解,然后经过自己的思考总结,发现了漏掉的东西,再进行补充,最终写出正确的脚本。
国外的题还是很值得学习的,不单单为了出题而出题。这就是逻辑运算在z3的运用以及如何增加约束,让z3求解出我们需要的key。
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