Python一些提高效率的类库和装饰器用法

本文主要是慢慢积累Python中一些能提高效率的类库和装饰器，闲话少说，开始进入主题。

装饰器

装饰器是一种设计模式，用于修改或增强函数、方法或类的行为，而不需要改变其本身的代码。Python中的装饰器通常用@符号和函数来实现。

# 自己编写的装饰器
def my_decorator(func):def wrapper():print("Something before")func()print("Something after")return wrapper# 引用自己编写的装饰器
@my_decorator
def say_hello():print("Hello!")# 调用执行函数
say_hello()# 输出结果如下：
Something before
Hello!
Something after

一、重试

【问题引申：接口网络抖动不稳如何做？回答：请求接口捕获异常和接口请求重试】

from retrying import retry
# 等待1秒后重试，最大重试次数为3
@retry(stop_max_attempt_number=3, wait_fixed=1000)
def test_foo():
    pass

二、接口返回值深度校验

【问题引申：接口返回值如何做校验？回答：用deepdiff可以做返回值类型及值不一致的校验】

from deepdiff import DeepDiff
def vaildate_json(expected, actual):
    #  比较两个JSON对象的差异
    diff = DeepDiff(expected, actual)
    #  输出差异
    if diff:
        print("实际结果与预期结果不一致：")
        print(diff)
        return False
    else:
        print("实际结果与预期结果一致")
        return True

# 需要比较的JSON对象
expected = {
    "key1":33,
    "key2":{
        "nested_key":"value",
        "nested_list":[2,3,4]
    }
}
actual = {
    "key1":"33",
    "key2":{
        "nested_key":"value",
        "nested_list":[2,3,4]
    }
}
#  调用函数进行比较
vaildate_json(expected,actual)

 三、接口返回值取值：jsonpath

【问题引申：如何快速方便的获取json中的某一个值？回答：用jsonpath】

import jsonpath
actual = {
    "key1":"33",
    "key2":{
        "nested_key":"value",
        "key1":"hankai",
        "nested_list":[2,3,4]
   }
 }
list1 = jsonpath.jsonpath(actual,'$..key1')
print(list1)  # ['33', 'hankai']

 四、读取Excel并转换成列表：xToolkit

【问题引申：如何遍历Excel做接口自动化？回答：xToolkit库】

from xToolkit import xfile

# 读取Excel数据转换成列表
testdata = xfile.read("接口测试用例.xls").excel_to_dict(sheet=1)
print(testdata)
"""
[
    {'描述': '用户登录', '用例编号': 'shop_api_001', '接口URL': 'http://shoo.hu.com/index.php?s=api/user/login', '请求方式': 'post', 'URL参数': '{"application":"app","application_client_type": "weixin",}', '表单参数': '', 'JSON参数': ' {"accounts":"ce_hk","pwd": 123456,"type":"username"}', '预期状态码': 200, '预期返回内容': '', '备注': '', '提取参数': 'token', '需要参数': ''},
    {'描述': '加入购物车', '用例编号': 'shop_api_002', '接口URL': 'http://shoo.hu.com/index.php?s=api/cart/save', '请求方式': 'post', 'URL参数': '{"application":"app","application_client_type": "weixin",}', '表单参数': '', 'JSON参数': '{"goods_id": "2","spec": [{"type": "套餐","value": "套餐二"},{"type": "颜色","value": "银色"},{"type": "容量","value": "64G"}],"stock": 1}', '预期状态码': 200, '预期返回内容': '', '备注': '', '提取参数': '', '需要参数': 'token'}
 ]
"""

 五、json

import json

# 定义一个字典
data = {
    "name": "张三",
    "age": 20,
    "city": "北京"
}
json.dumps(data)  # 字典编码成JSON字符串
json.loads(data)  # JSON字符串解码为字典

json.dump(data, open("data.json", "w"))  # 字典编码成JSON字符串并写入文件
json.load(open("data.json", "r"))  # 从文件中读取JSON字符串并解码为字典

 六、time

import time
print(time.asctime()) # Wed Apr 24 17:33:12 2024
print(time.time()) # 1713951192.7047122
print(time.localtime()) # time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=8, tm_hour=12, tm_min=12, tm_sec=12, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=220, tm_isdst=0)
print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())) # 2024-04-24 17:33:12

import datetime# 获取当前时间
now = datetime.datetime.now()
# 计算时间
start_time = now + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
end_time = now + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
# 格式化输出年月日时分秒
start_time = start_time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
end_time = end_time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print("开始时间是：", start_time)    开始时间是： 2024-07-18 08:19:33
print("结束时间是：", end_time)      结束时间是： 2024-08-16 08:19:33

# 获取当前时间周一和周日
import datetime
def get_current_week():monday, sunday = datetime.date.today(), datetime.date.today()one_day = datetime.timedelta(days=1)while monday.weekday() != 0:monday -= one_daywhile sunday.weekday() != 6:sunday += one_day# return monday, sunday# 返回时间字符串return datetime.datetime.strftime(monday, "%Y-%m-%d"), datetime.datetime.strftime(sunday, "%Y-%m-%d")print("周一是：",get_current_week()[0])  //周一是： 2024-07-22
print("周日是：",get_current_week()[1])  //周日是： 2024-07-28# 今天年月日
now = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
print(now) //打印今天的年月日# 日期获取周几
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
def get_weekday(start_date, end_date, today_date):# 将日期字符串转换为日期对象start_date = datetime.strptime(start_date, "%Y-%m-%d")end_date = datetime.strptime(end_date, "%Y-%m-%d")today_date = datetime.strptime(today_date, "%Y-%m-%d")# 计算周一到周日的天数days_between = (end_date - start_date).days# 计算今天和周一之间的天数差days_from_monday = (today_date - start_date).days# 计算今天是周几，0代表周一，1代表周二，以此类推weekday = days_from_monday % 7# 返回周几的名称weekdays = ["周一", "周二", "周三", "周四", "周五", "周六", "周日"]return weekdays[weekday]# 示例
start_date = "2024-07-22"  # 周一的日期
end_date = "2024-07-28"    # 周日的日期
today_date = "2024-07-24"  # 今天的日期print("今天是：", get_weekday(start_date, end_date, today_date)) //今天是： 周三

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
def get_week_info():# 获取当前日期today = datetime.now()today_str = today.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")# 计算周一的日期monday = today - timedelta(days=today.weekday())monday_str = monday.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")# 计算周日的日期sunday = monday + timedelta(days=6)sunday_str = sunday.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")# 获取今天是周几，0代表周一，6代表周日weekday = today.weekday()weekday_name = ["周一", "周二", "周三", "周四", "周五", "周六", "周日"][weekday]# 输出结果print(f"今天是：{weekday_name}")print(f"周一日期：{monday_str}")print(f"周日日期：{sunday_str}")# 返回所有信息return today_str, monday_str, sunday_str, weekday_nameget_week_info()打印结果如下：
今天是：周四
周一日期：2024-07-22
周日日期：2024-07-28

七、随机数生成

import random
# 生成10位随机数
print (''.join(str(random.choice(range(10))) for _ in range(10)))