Centos7使用RPM包安装Oracle21c数据库（EE）

Centos7使用RPM包安装Oracle21c数据库（EE）

官方下载链接

• 21c标准版
  安装包信息：
  文件名：LINUX.X64_213000_db_home.zip
  (64-bit) (3,109,225,519 bytes) (sha256sum - c05d5c32a72b9bf84ab6babb49aee99cbb403930406aabe3cf2f94f1d35e0916)

  

• 21c xe版

  安装包信息：
  文件名：oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1.ol8.x86_64.rpm
  (2,339,651,768 bytes - September 08, 2021)
  [Sha256sum: f8357b432de33478549a76557e8c5220ec243710ed86115c65b0c2bc00a848db]

  

安装文档

• 标准版

  

• xe版
  

  具体步骤参考

  

部署环境

• 系统：CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)

• 数据库：Oracle 21.3

1. 修改hosts文件

1.1 查询主机名和IP地址

[root@host01 ~]# hostname
host01

1.2 修改/etc/hosts文件如下

[root@host01 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1         localhost
192.168.198.171   host01
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

2. 将软件包上传到系统上，目录位置自定义

2.1 上传软件包

[root@host01 soft]# pwd
/soft
[root@host01 soft]# ll
总用量 2689460
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2753974424 8月  19 10:37 oracle-database-ee-21c-1.0-1.ol7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root      26264 8月  19 10:36 oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

2.2 软件包下载地址

软件下载地址
1.软件oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/index.html2.软件oracle-database-ee-21c-1.0-1.ol7.x86_64.rpm下载地址
https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle21c-linux-downloads.html

3. 安装预安装包

3.1 安装预安装包

[root@host01 soft]# rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID ec551f03: NOKEY
错误：依赖检测失败：bc 被 oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64 需要bind-utils 被 oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64 需要ksh 被 oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64 需要net-tools 被 oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64 需要nfs-utils 被 oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64 需要policycoreutils-python 被 oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64 需要psmisc 被 oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64 需要smartmontools 被 oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64 需要sysstat 被 oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64 需要xorg-x11-utils 被 oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64 需要xorg-x11-xauth 被 oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64 需要

3.2 安装依赖包

根据以上提示安装缺少的依赖包

sudo yum install ksh policycoreutils-python smartmontools sysstat xorg-x11-utils xorg-x11-xauth -y
sudo yum install bc bind-utils net-tools nfs-utils psmisc -y

3.3.再次安装依赖包

没有提示报错，说明环境满足安装oracle21c

[root@host01 soft]# rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID ec551f03: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...1:oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.################################# [100%]

4. 安装oracle软件

[root@host01 soft]# rpm -ivh  oracle-database-ee-21c-1.0-1.ol7.x86_64.rpm
警告：oracle-database-ee-21c-1.0-1.ol7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID ec551f03: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...1:oracle-database-ee-21c-1.0-1     ################################# [100%]
[INFO] Executing post installation scripts...
[INFO] Oracle home installed successfully and ready to be configured.
To configure a sample Oracle Database you can execute the following service configuration script as root: /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-21c configure

根据日志输出接下来需要使用root用户执行/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-21c configure

5. 创建数据库

/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-21c configureConfiguring Oracle Database ORCLCDB.
Prepare for db operation
8% complete
Copying database files
31% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
32% complete
36% complete
40% complete
43% complete
46% complete
Completing Database Creation
51% complete
54% complete
Creating Pluggable Databases
58% complete
77% complete
Executing Post Configuration Actions
100% complete
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCLCDB.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:ORCLCDB
System Identifier(SID):ORCLCDB
Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB.log" for further details.Database configuration completed successfully. The passwords were auto generated, you must change them by connecting to the database using 'sqlplus / as sysdba' as the oracle user.

6. 设置oracle用户环境变量

通过rpm包安装oracle

数据目录是:/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB

home目录是:/opt/oracle/product/21c/dbhome_1

su - oraclevim .bashrc
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/21c/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB
export CHARSET=AL32UTF8
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/binsource .bashrc

7. 连接数据库

[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Apr 3 17:08:45 2023
Version 21.3.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to:
Oracle Database 21c Enterprise Edition Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 21.3.0.0.0

8. 查数据库信息

查询当前可插拔数据库以及状态
SQL> col name for a30
SQL> select con_id,name,open_mode from v$pdbs;CON_ID NAME                           OPEN_MODE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY3 ORCLPDB1                       READ WRITE切换到可插拔数据库
SQL> alter session set container=ORCLPDB1;
Session altered.查询可插拔数据库状态
SQL> col name for a30
SQL> select con_id,name,open_mode from v$pdbs;CON_ID NAME                           OPEN_MODE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------3 ORCLPDB1                       READ WRITE关闭pdb数据库
SQL> alter pluggable database close;     
Pluggable database altered.SQL> select con_id,name,open_mode from v$pdbs;CON_ID NAME                           OPEN_MODE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------3 ORCLPDB1                       MOUNTED启动pdb数据库
SQL> alter pluggable database open;
Pluggable database altered.SQL> select con_id,name,open_mode from v$pdbs;CON_ID NAME                           OPEN_MODE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------3 ORCLPDB1                       READ WRITE

9. 安装问题

详见“Oracle21c数据库安装问题记录”。