你的第一个Solana SPL

简介 TFT

你的第一个SPL The first token

技术栈和库

• Rust
• Anchor框架
• Typescript(测试)

开发环境和其它网络地址

• DevNet: https://api.devnet.solana.com
• TestNet: https://api.testnet.solana.com
• MainNet: https://api.mainnet-beta.solana

开发环境设置

1.本教程使用的时 DevNet
2.浏览器打开 https://beta.solpg.io/
3.创建项目
4.请求空头

请求空投

Sol程序开发

// ========= Step 1 引用框架// 1.管理账户的
use anchor_lang::prelude::*;// 2.管理代币的
use anchor_spl::{associated_token::AssociatedToken, // 处理关联代币账户的功能metadata::{create_metadata_accounts_v3,       // 创建元数据账户的功能mpl_token_metadata::types::DataV2, // 元数据的结构体定义CreateMetadataAccountsV3,          // 创建元数据账户的指令结构体Metadata as Metaplex,              // 将 Metadata 重命名为 Metaplex，以便于使用},token::{mint_to,      // 铸币功能Mint,         // 代币铸造的结构体MintTo,       // 铸币指令的结构体Token,        // 代币的基本功能TokenAccount, // 代币账户的结构体},
};// 2.加载程序id(自己获取，或者系统生成)
declare_id!("7CR9ATZRxzEmCSM91UkumMJ6b8h5ompMcxTnUKLc8z4e");// 3.代币主程序
#[program]
mod token_minter {use super::*;// 3.1初始化 SPLpub fn init_token(ctx: Context<InitToken>, metadata: InitTokenParams) -> Result<()> {let seeds = &["mint".as_bytes(), &[ctx.bumps.mint]];let signer = [&seeds[..]];let token_data: DataV2 = DataV2 {name: metadata.name,symbol: metadata.symbol,uri: metadata.uri,seller_fee_basis_points: 0,creators: None,collection: None,uses: None,};let metadata_ctx = CpiContext::new_with_signer(ctx.accounts.token_metadata_program.to_account_info(),CreateMetadataAccountsV3 {payer: ctx.accounts.payer.to_account_info(),update_authority: ctx.accounts.mint.to_account_info(),mint: ctx.accounts.mint.to_account_info(),metadata: ctx.accounts.metadata.to_account_info(),mint_authority: ctx.accounts.mint.to_account_info(),system_program: ctx.accounts.system_program.to_account_info(),rent: ctx.accounts.rent.to_account_info(),},&signer,);create_metadata_accounts_v3(metadata_ctx, token_data, false, true, None)?;msg!("Token mint created successfully.");Ok(())}// 3.2 铸造 SPLpub fn mint_tokens(ctx: Context<MintTokens>, quantity: u64) -> Result<()> {let seeds = &["mint".as_bytes(), &[ctx.bumps.mint]];let signer = [&seeds[..]];mint_to(CpiContext::new_with_signer(ctx.accounts.token_program.to_account_info(),MintTo {authority: ctx.accounts.mint.to_account_info(),to: ctx.accounts.destination.to_account_info(),mint: ctx.accounts.mint.to_account_info(),},&signer,),quantity,)?;Ok(())}
}// 4.主程序需要的账户
#[derive(Accounts)]
#[instruction(params: InitTokenParams)]
pub struct InitToken<'info> {// Metaplex 账户#[account(mut)]pub metadata: UncheckedAccount<'info>,#[account(init,seeds = [b"mint"],bump,payer = payer,mint::decimals = params.decimals,mint::authority = mint,)]pub mint: Account<'info, Mint>,#[account(mut)]pub payer: Signer<'info>,pub rent: Sysvar<'info, Rent>,pub system_program: Program<'info, System>,pub token_program: Program<'info, Token>,pub token_metadata_program: Program<'info, Metaplex>,
}#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct MintTokens<'info> {#[account(mut,seeds = [b"mint"],bump,mint::authority = mint,)]pub mint: Account<'info, Mint>,#[account(init_if_needed,payer = payer,associated_token::mint = mint,associated_token::authority = payer,)]pub destination: Account<'info, TokenAccount>,#[account(mut)]pub payer: Signer<'info>,pub rent: Sysvar<'info, Rent>,pub system_program: Program<'info, System>,pub token_program: Program<'info, Token>,pub associated_token_program: Program<'info, AssociatedToken>,
}// 5.账户的数据
// 5. 定义init令牌参数
#[derive(AnchorSerialize, AnchorDeserialize, Debug, Clone)]
pub struct InitTokenParams {pub name: String,pub symbol: String,pub uri: String,pub decimals: u8,
}

部署

部署完成

测试

替换anchor.test.ts内容

describe("Test Minter", () => {const METADATA_SEED = "metadata";const TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM_ID = new web3.PublicKey("F64uG9fPnEZYZ6G4Nbbuz6D715gYAKw1j71etHLNjHx2"); // 你的程序 ID，和程序相同const MINT_SEED = "mint";// SPL基础信息const payer = pg.wallet.publicKey;const metadata = {name: "My The first token",symbol: "TFT",uri: "https://5vfxc4tr6xoy23qefqbj4qx2adzkzapneebanhcalf7myvn5gzja.arweave.net/7UtxcnH13Y1uBCwCnkL6APKsge0hAgacQFl-zFW9NlI",decimals: 9,};const mintAmount = 1000;const [mint] = web3.PublicKey.findProgramAddressSync([Buffer.from(MINT_SEED)],pg.PROGRAM_ID);const [metadataAddress] = web3.PublicKey.findProgramAddressSync([Buffer.from(METADATA_SEED),TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM_ID.toBuffer(),mint.toBuffer(),],TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM_ID);// 测试初始化it("initialize", async () => {const info = await pg.connection.getAccountInfo(mint);if (info) {return;}console.log("  Mint not found. Attempting to initialize.");const context = {metadata: metadataAddress,mint,payer,rent: web3.SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY,systemProgram: web3.SystemProgram.programId,tokenProgram: anchor.utils.token.TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,tokenMetadataProgram: TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM_ID,};const tx = await pg.program.methods.initToken(metadata).accounts(context).transaction();const txHash = await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(pg.connection,tx,[pg.wallet.keypair],{ skipPreflight: true });console.log(`  https://explorer.solana.com/tx/${txHash}?cluster=devnet`);const newInfo = await pg.connection.getAccountInfo(mint);assert(newInfo, "  Mint should be initialized.");});// 测试铸造it("mint tokens", async () => {const destination = await anchor.utils.token.associatedAddress({mint: mint,owner: payer,});let initialBalance: number;try {const balance = await pg.connection.getTokenAccountBalance(destination);initialBalance = balance.value.uiAmount;} catch {// Token account not yet initiated has 0 balanceinitialBalance = 0;}const context = {mint,destination,payer,rent: web3.SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY,systemProgram: web3.SystemProgram.programId,tokenProgram: anchor.utils.token.TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,associatedTokenProgram: anchor.utils.token.ASSOCIATED_PROGRAM_ID,};const txHsh = await pg.program.methods.mintTokens(new BN(mintAmount * 10 ** metadata.decimals)).accounts(context).signers([pg.wallet.keypair]).rpc();// const txHash = await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(//   pg.connection,//   tx,//   [pg.wallet.keypair],//   { skipPreflight: true }// );console.log(`mint Hash =>`, txHsh);const postBalance = (await pg.connection.getTokenAccountBalance(destination)).value.uiAmount;assert.equal(initialBalance + mintAmount,postBalance,"Post balance should equal initial plus mint amount");});
});

铸造

运行测试代码，进行SPL铸造, 记得把密钥导入 Phantom（切换网络）

增发

注释初始化代码，增加第二次SPL铸造

总结

Anchor框架总结

// 1.管理账户的
use anchor_lang::prelude::*;// 管理代币的
use anchor_spl::{associated_token::AssociatedToken, // 处理关联代币账户的功能metadata::{create_metadata_accounts_v3,       // 创建元数据账户的功能mpl_token_metadata::types::DataV2, // 元数据的结构体定义CreateMetadataAccountsV3,          // 创建元数据账户的指令结构体Metadata as Metaplex,              // 将 Metadata 重命名为 Metaplex，以便于使用},token::{mint_to,      // 铸币功能Mint,         // 代币铸造的结构体MintTo,       // 铸币指令的结构体Token,        // 代币的基本功能TokenAccount, // 代币账户的结构体},
};

补充

• Sol游乐场
• Sol浏览器