1.实验任务1：
publisher.hpp:
#pragma once#include <iostream> #include <string>using std::cout; using std::endl; using std::string;// 发行/出版物类：Publisher （抽象类） class Publisher { public:Publisher(const string &s = ""); // 构造函数public:virtual void publish() const = 0; // 纯虚函数，作为接口继承virtual void use() const = 0; // 纯虚函数，作为接口继承protected:string name; // 发行/出版物名称 };Publisher::Publisher(const string &s): name {s} { }// 图书类: Book class Book: public Publisher { public:Book(const string &s = "", const string &a = ""); // 构造函数public:void publish() const override; // 接口void use() const override; // 接口private:string author; // 作者 };Book::Book(const string &s, const string &a): Publisher{s}, author{a} { }void Book::publish() const {cout << "Publishing book: 《" << name << "》 by " << author << endl; }void Book::use() const {cout << "Reading book: " << name << " by " << author << endl; }// 电影类: Film class Film: public Publisher { public:Film(const string &s = "", const string &d = ""); // 构造函数public:void publish() const override; // 接口void use() const override; // 接口 private:string director; // 导演 };Film::Film(const string &s, const string &d): Publisher{s}, director{d} { }void Film::publish() const {cout << "Publishing film: <" << name << "> directed by " << director << endl; }void Film::use() const {cout << "Watching film: " << name << " directed by " << director << endl; }// 音乐类：Music class Music: public Publisher { public:Music(const string &s = "", const string &a = "");public:void publish() const override; // 接口void use() const override; // 接口private:string artist; // 音乐艺术家名称 };Music::Music(const string &s, const string &a): Publisher{s}, artist{a} { }void Music::publish() const {cout << "Publishing music <" << name << "> by " << artist << endl; }void Music::use() const {cout << "Listening to music: " << name << " by " << artist << endl; }
task1.cpp:
#include "publisher.hpp" #include <vector> #include <typeinfo>using std::vector;void test() {vector<Publisher *> v;v.push_back(new Book("Harry Potter", "J.K. Rowling"));v.push_back(new Film("The Godfather", "Francis Ford Coppola"));v.push_back(new Music("Blowing in the wind", "Bob Dylan"));for(auto &ptr: v) {cout << "pointer type: " << typeid(ptr).name() << endl; // 输出指针类型cout << "RTTI type: " << typeid(*ptr).name() << endl; // 输出指针指向的对象类型ptr->publish();ptr->use();cout << endl;} }int main() {test(); }
运行截图：
2.实验任务2：
book.hpp:
#pragma once#include <string> #include <iostream> #include <iomanip>using std::string; using std::ostream; using std::endl; using std::setw; using std::left;class Book { public:Book(const string &name, const string &author, const string &translator, const string &isbn, float price);friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Book &book);private:string name; // 书名string author; // 作者string translator; // 译者string isbn; // isbn号float price; // 定价 };// 成员函数实现 Book::Book(const string &name, const string &author, const string &translator, const string &isbn, float price) {this->name = name;this->author = author;this->translator = translator;this->isbn = isbn;this->price = price; }// 友元实现 ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Book &book) {out << left;out << setw(15) << "书名:" << book.name << endl<< setw(15) << "作者:" << book.author << endl<< setw(15) << "译者:" << book.translator << endl<< setw(15) << "ISBN:" << book.isbn << endl<< setw(15) << "定价:" << book.price;return out; }
booksale.hpp:
#pragma once#include "book.hpp" #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <iomanip>using std::string; using std::cout; using std::endl; using std::setw;class BookSale { public:BookSale(const Book &b, float price, int amount);int get_amount() const;friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const BookSale &item);private:Book rb; float sales_price; // 售价int sales_amount; // 销售数量float revenue; // 营收 };// 成员函数实现 BookSale::BookSale(const Book &b, float price, int amount): rb{b}, sales_price(price), sales_amount{amount} { revenue = sales_amount * sales_price; }int BookSale::get_amount() const {return sales_amount; }// 友元函数实现 ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const BookSale &item) {out << left;out << item.rb << endl<< setw(15) << "售价:" << item.sales_price << endl<< setw(15) << "销售数量:" << item.sales_amount << endl<< setw(15) << "营收:" << item.revenue;return out; }
task2.cpp:
#include "booksale.hpp" #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <algorithm>// 按图书销售数额比较 bool compare_by_amount(const BookSale &x1, const BookSale &x2) {return x1.get_amount() > x2.get_amount(); }void test() {using namespace std;vector<BookSale> sales_lst; // 存放图书销售记录int books_number;cout << "录入图书数量: ";cin >> books_number;cout << "录入图书销售记录" << endl;for(int i = 0; i < books_number; ++i) {string name, author, translator, isbn;float price;cout << string(20, '-') << "第" << i+1 << "本图书信息录入" << string(20, '-') << endl;cout << "录入书名: "; cin >> name;cout << "录入作者: "; cin >> author;cout << "录入译者: "; cin >> translator;cout << "录入isbn: "; cin >> isbn;cout << "录入定价: "; cin >> price;Book book(name, author, translator, isbn, price);float sales_price;int sales_amount;cout << "录入售价: "; cin >> sales_price;cout << "录入销售数量: "; cin >> sales_amount;BookSale record(book, sales_price, sales_amount);sales_lst.push_back(record);}// 按销售册数排序 sort(sales_lst.begin(), sales_lst.end(), compare_by_amount);// 按销售册数降序输出图书销售信息cout << string(20, '=') << "图书销售统计" << string(20, '=') << endl;for(auto &t: sales_lst) {cout << t << endl;cout << string(40, '-') << endl;} }int main() {test(); }
运行截图：
3.实验任务3：
pets.hpp:
#pragma once #include <iostream> using namespace std; class MachinePets { public:MachinePets(const string&s=""):nickname{s}{ } public:virtual string get_nickname() const = 0;virtual string talk()const = 0; protected:string nickname; }; class PetCats:public MachinePets { public:PetCats(const string &s=""):MachinePets{s}{ } public:string get_nickname()const override {return nickname;}string talk()const override {return talking;} private:string talking = "miao wu~"; }; class PetDogs :public MachinePets { public:PetDogs(const string& s = "") :MachinePets{ s } { } public:string get_nickname()const override {return nickname;}string talk()const override {return talking;} private:string talking = "wang wang~"; };
task3.cpp:
#include <iostream> #include <vector> #include "pets.hpp"void test() {using namespace std;vector<MachinePets*> pets;pets.push_back(new PetCats("miku"));pets.push_back(new PetDogs("da huang"));for (auto& ptr : pets)cout << ptr->get_nickname() << " says " << ptr->talk() << endl; }int main() {test(); }
运行截图：
4.实验任务4：
film.hpp:
#pragma once #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; class Film { public:friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, Film& f);friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Film& f);Film(){ }int get_age() const { return age; } private:string name;string director;string nation;int age; }; istream& operator>>(istream& in, Film& f) {cout << "录入片名：";in >> f.name;cout << "录入导演：";in >> f.director;cout << "录入制片国家/地区：";in >> f.nation;cout << "录入上映年份：";in >> f.age;return in; } ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Film& f) {out << f.name << string(5, ' ') << f.director << string(5, ' ') << f.nation << string(5, ' ') << f.age;return out; }
task4.cpp:
#include "film.hpp" #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <algorithm> bool compare_by_year(const Film& x, const Film& y) { return x.get_age() < y.get_age(); } void test() {using namespace std;int n;cout << "输入电影数目: ";cin >> n;cout << "录入" << n << "部影片信息" << endl;vector<Film> film_lst;for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {Film f;cout << string(20, '-') << "第" << i + 1 << "部影片录入" << string(20, '-') << endl;cin >> f;film_lst.push_back(f);}// 按发行年份升序排序 sort(film_lst.begin(), film_lst.end(), compare_by_year);cout << string(20, '=') + "电影信息(按发行年份)" + string(20, '=') << endl;for (auto& f : film_lst)cout << f << endl; }int main() {test(); }
运行截图：
5.实验任务5：
Complex.hpp:
#pragma once #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; template <typename T> class Complex { public:Complex(T real = 0, T imag = 0) :real{ real }, imag{ imag } { }Complex(const Complex<T>& c) {this->real = c.real;this->imag = c.imag;}T get_real() const { return real; }T get_imag()const { return imag; }Complex operator+=(const Complex<T>& c) {this->real +=c.real;this->imag += c.imag;return *this;} public:friend Complex<T> operator+(const Complex<T>& c1, const Complex<T>& c2) {return Complex<T>(c1.real + c2.real, c1.imag + c2.imag);}bool operator==(const Complex<T>& c)const {return real == c.real && imag == c.imag;}friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Complex<T>& c) {if (c.get_imag() < 0)out << c.get_real() << " - " << -c.get_imag() << "i"; elseout << c.get_real() << " + " << c.get_imag() << "i";return out;}friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, Complex<T>& c) {in >> c.real >> c.imag;return in;} private:T real;T imag; };
task5.cpp:
#include "Complex.hpp" #include <iostream>using std::cin; using std::cout; using std::endl; using std::boolalpha;void test1() {Complex<int> c1(2, -5), c2(c1);cout << "c1=" << c1 << endl;cout << "c2=" << c2 << endl;cout << "c1 + c2 = " << c1 + c2 << endl;c1 += c2;cout << "c1=" << c1 << endl;cout << boolalpha << (c1 == c2) << endl; }void test2() {Complex<double> c1, c2;cout << "Enter c1 and c2:";cin >> c1 >> c2;cout << "c1=" << c1 << endl;cout << "c2=" << c2 << endl;cout << "c1.real=" << c1.get_real() << endl;cout << "c1.imag=" << c1.get_imag() << endl; }int main() {cout << "自定义类模板Complex测试1：" << endl;test1();cout << endl;cout << "自定义类模板Complex测试2：" << endl;test2(); }
运行截图：
6.实验任务6：
date.h:
#ifndef __DATE_H__ #define __DATE_H__ class Date { private:int year;int month;int day;int totalDays;public:Date(int year, int month, int day);int getYear() const { return year; }int getMonth() const { return month; }int getDay() const { return day; }int getMaxDay() const;bool isLeapYear() const {return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;}void show() const;int operator-(const Date& date) const {return totalDays - date.totalDays;} }; #endif
date.cpp:
#include "date.h" #include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> using namespace std;//命名空间使下面的定义只在当前文件中有效 namespace {//存储平年中的某个月1日之前有多少天，为便于getMaxDay函数的实现，该数组多出一项const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 }; }Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) : year(year), month(month), day(day) {if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {cout << "Invalid date.";show();cout << endl;exit(1);}int years = year - 1;totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400+ DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++; }int Date::getMaxDay()const {if (isLeapYear() && month == 2) {return 29;}else {return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];} }void Date::show() const {cout << getYear() << '-' << getMonth() << '-' << getDay(); }
accumulator.h:
#ifndef __ACCUMULATOR_H__ #define __ACCUMULATOR_H__ #include "date.h" class Accumulator { private:Date lastDate;double value;double sum; public:Accumulator(const Date& date, double value) : lastDate(date), value(value), sum{ 0 } { }double getSum(const Date& date) const {return sum + value * (date - lastDate);}void change(const Date& date, double value) {sum = getSum(date);lastDate = date;this->value = value;}void reset(const Date& date, double value) {lastDate = date;this->value = value;sum = 0;} }; #endif
account.h:
#ifndef __ACCOUNT_H__ #define __ACCOUNT_H__ #include "date.h" #include "accumulator.h" #include <string>class Account { private:std::string id;double balance;static double total; protected:Account(const Date& date, const std::string& id);void record(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);void error(const std::string& msg) const; public:const std::string& getId() { return id; }double getBalance() const { return balance; }static double getTotal() { return total; }virtual void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc) = 0;virtual void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc) = 0;virtual void settle(const Date& date) = 0;virtual void show() const; }; using namespace std; class SavingsAccount : public Account { private:Accumulator acc;double rate; public:SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate);double getRate() const { return rate; }void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);void settle(const Date& date); };class CreditAccount : public Account { private:Accumulator acc;double credit;double rate;double fee;double getDebt() const {double balance = getBalance();return (balance < 0 ? balance : 0);} public:CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee);double getCredit() const { return credit; }double getRate() const { return rate; }double getFee() const { return fee; }double getAvailableCredit() const {if (getBalance() < 0) return credit + getBalance();else return credit;}void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);void settle(const Date& date);void show() const; }; #endif
account.cpp:
#include "account.h" #include <cmath> #include<iostream> using namespace std;double Account::total = 0;Account::Account(const Date& date, const string& id) : id(id), balance(0) {date.show();cout << "\t#" << id << " created" << endl; }void Account::record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;balance += amount;total += amount;date.show();cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl; }void Account::show() const {cout << id << "\tBalance: " << balance; }void Account::error(const string& msg) const {cout << "Error (#" << id << "): " << msg << endl; }SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate): Account(date, id), rate(rate), acc(date, 0) {}void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {record(date, amount, desc);acc.change(date, getBalance()); }void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {if (amount > getBalance()) {error("not enough money");}else {record(date, -amount, desc);acc.change(date, getBalance());} }void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date) {if (date.getMonth() == 1) {double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate / (date - Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));if (interest != 0) record(date, interest, "interest");acc.reset(date, getBalance());} }CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee): Account(date, id), credit(credit), rate(rate), fee(fee), acc(date, 0) {}void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {record(date, amount, desc);acc.change(date, getDebt()); }void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {if (amount - getBalance() > credit) {error("not enough credit");}else {record(date, -amount, desc);acc.change(date, getDebt());} }void CreditAccount::settle(const Date& date) {double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate;if (interest != 0) record(date, interest, "interest");if (date.getMonth() == 1) record(date, -fee, "annual fee");acc.reset(date, getDebt()); }void CreditAccount::show() const {Account::show();cout << "\tAvailable credit: " << getAvailableCredit(); }
8_8.cpp:
#include "account.h" #include<iostream> using namespace std; int main() {Date date(2008, 11, 1);SavingsAccount sa1(date, "S3755217", 0.015);SavingsAccount sa2(date, "02342342", 0.015);CreditAccount ca(date, "C5392394", 10000, 0.0005, 50);Account* accounts[] = { &sa1, &sa2, &ca };const int n = sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(Account*);cout << "(d)deposit (w)withdraw (s)show (c)change day (n)next month (e)exit" << endl;char cmd;do {date.show();cout << "\tTotal:" << Account::getTotal() << "\tcommand>";int index, day;double amount;string desc;cin >> cmd;switch (cmd) {case 'd':cin >> index >> amount;getline(cin, desc);accounts[index]->deposit(date, amount, desc);break;case 'w':cin >> index >> amount;getline(cin, desc);accounts[index]->withdraw(date, amount, desc);break;case 's':for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {cout << "[" << i << "]";accounts[i]->show();cout << endl;}break;case 'c':cin >> day;if (day < date.getDay()) {cout << "You cannot specify a previous day";}else if (day > date.getMaxDay())cout << "Invalid day";else date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), day);break;case 'n':if (date.getMonth() == 12)date = Date(date.getYear() + 1, 1, 1);else date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth() + 1, 1);for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {accounts[i]->settle(date);}break;}} while (cmd != 'e');return 0; }
运行截图：
