20241216 实验二《Python程序设计》实验报告

20241216 2024-2025-2 《Python程序设计》实验二报告

课程：《Python程序设计》
班级： 2412
姓名： 曾楷
学号：20241216
实验教师：王志强
实验日期：2024年3月26日
必修/选修： 公选课

（一） 实验内容

1.设计并完成一个完整的应用程序，完成加减乘除模等运算，功能多多益善。
2.考核基本语法、判定语句、循环语句、逻辑运算等知识点

（二） 实验过程及结果

上课跟老师同步敲了个初始代码

import math
def Csum(num1, num2):return num1 + num2
def Csub(num1, num2):return num1 - num2
def Cmulti(num1, num2):return num1 * num2
def CDiv(num1, num2):if num2 == 0:print("除数不能为0")return 0return num1 / num2
def logab(a,b):return math.log(a,b)flag = True
while flag:if input("请问：需要复数(1)还是整数(2)运算？\n")=="1":num1 = complex(input("请输入一个数："))num2 = complex(input("请输入另一个数："))else:num1 = int(input("请输入一个数："))num2 = int(input("请输入另一个数："))choice = input("请输入运算符（+-*/ log）：")if choice == "+":print("num1 ",choice, " num2 = ", Csum(num1, num2))elif choice =="-":print("num1 ",choice, " num2 = ", Csub(num1, num2))elif choice == "*":print("num1 ",choice, " num2 = ", Cmulti(num1, num2))elif choice == "/":(print("num1 ",choice, " num2 = ", CDiv(num1, num2)))elif choice == "log":print("log以",num2,"为底",num1, "的对数 = ", logab(num1, num2))conti = input("是否继续？Y/N\n")if conti == "Y" or conti == "y":flag = Trueelse:flag = False

运行结果如下

觉得太简单了，就参考计算器，做了可以一直输入算式直到输入=

import math
def Csum(num1, num2):return num1 + num2
def Csub(num1, num2):return num1 - num2
def Cmulti(num1, num2):return num1 * num2
def Cdiv(num1, num2):if num2 == 0:print("除数不能为0")return 0return num1 / num2
def logab(a,b):if b <= 0 or a <= 0:print("输入数不合法！")return 0return math.log(a,b)
flag = True
index = 1
while flag:cul_num = []cul_choice = []if input("请问：需要复数(1)还是整数(2)运算？\n")=="1":while True:num1 = complex(input())choice1 = input()cul_choice.append(choice1)cul_num.append(num1)if choice1 == "=":breakelse:while True:num1 = int(input())choice1 = input()cul_num.append(num1)cul_choice.append(choice1)if choice1 == "=":breakaccmlt = cul_num[0]while True:choice = cul_choice[index-1]if choice == "=":print(accmlt)breaknum = cul_num[index]if choice == "+":accmlt = Csum(accmlt, num)elif choice =="-":accmlt = Csub(accmlt, num)elif choice == "*":accmlt = Cmulti(accmlt, num)elif choice == "/":accmlt = Cdiv(accmlt, num)elif choice == "log":accmlt = logab(accmlt, num)index = index + 1conti = input("是否继续？Y/N\n")if conti == "Y" or conti == "y":flag = Trueelse:flag = False

调试一直出问题，第二遍运算一直出错，发现index = 1应该放在while循环内部T-T

下面就是正确的代码了

import math
def Csum(num1, num2):return num1 + num2
def Csub(num1, num2):return num1 - num2
def Cmulti(num1, num2):return num1 * num2
def Cdiv(num1, num2):if num2 == 0:print("除数不能为0")return 0return num1 / num2
def logab(a,b):if b <= 0 or a <= 0:print("输入数不合法！")return 0return math.log(a,b)
flag = True
while flag:index = 1cul_num = []cul_choice = []if input("请问：需要复数(1)还是整数(2)运算？\n")=="1":while True:num1 = complex(input())choice1 = input()cul_choice.append(choice1)cul_num.append(num1)if choice1 == "=":breakelse:while True:num1 = int(input())choice1 = input()cul_num.append(num1)cul_choice.append(choice1)if choice1 == "=":breakaccmlt = cul_num[0]while True:choice = cul_choice[index-1]if choice == "=":print(accmlt)breaknum = cul_num[index]if choice == "+":accmlt = Csum(accmlt, num)elif choice =="-":accmlt = Csub(accmlt, num)elif choice == "*":accmlt = Cmulti(accmlt, num)elif choice == "/":accmlt = Cdiv(accmlt, num)elif choice == "log":accmlt = logab(accmlt, num)index = index + 1conti = input("是否继续？Y/N\n")if conti == "Y" or conti == "y":flag = Trueelse:flag = False

运行结果如下

但是如上图所示，只能按照顺序依次运算，不能识别乘除的优先级，于是有了计算器第三版

import math
def Csum(num1, num2):return num1 + num2
def Csub(num1, num2):return num1 - num2
def Cmulti(num1, num2):return num1 * num2
def Cdiv(num1, num2):if num2 == 0:print("除数不能为0")return 0return num1 / num2
def logab(a, b):if b <= 0 or a <= 0:print("输入数不合法！")return 0return math.log(a, b)
def evaluate_expression(numbers, operators):i = 0while i < len(operators):op = operators[i]if op in ('*', '/', 'log'):num1 = numbers[i]num2 = numbers[i + 1]if op == '*':result = Cmulti(num1, num2)elif op == '/':result = Cdiv(num1, num2)elif op == 'log':result = logab(num1, num2)numbers[i] = resultdel numbers[i + 1]del operators[i]else:i += 1result = numbers[0]for i in range(len(operators)):op = operators[i]num = numbers[i + 1]if op == '+':result = Csum(result, num)elif op == '-':result = Csub(result, num)return result
index = 1
flag = True
while flag:cul_num = []cul_choice = []if input("请问：需要复数(1)还是整数(2)运算？\n") == "1":while True:num1 = complex(input())choice1 = input()cul_choice.append(choice1)cul_num.append(num1)if choice1 == "=":breakelse:while True:try:num1 = float(input())  choice1 = input()cul_choice.append(choice1)cul_num.append(num1)if choice1 == "=":breakexcept ValueError:print("请输入有效数字！")continuetry:result = evaluate_expression(cul_num.copy(), cul_choice[:-1].copy())print(result)except Exception as e:print(f"计算错误: {e}")conti = input("是否继续？Y/N\n")if conti.lower() != 'y':flag = False

运行结果如下

上传到git
https://gitee.com/masterzk01/py-homework/blob/master/实验2.py

（三） 实验过程中遇到的问题和解决过程

• 问题1：不知道代码怎么通过markdown形式上传（上次用仓库）
• 问题1解决方案：搜索发现在代码前后增加三个反单引号```,同时注明语言
• 问题2：使用中文符号导致报错
• 问题2解决方案：注意中英文切换
• 问题3：if判断太冗杂了，写的脑子要炸了
• 问题3解决方案：学习了try这种python的报错判断，包括一些异常类型

异常类型	更新	版本
ValueError	值不符合预期	int("abc")
ZeroDivisionError	除数为零	1 / 0
TypeError	类型操作无效	"1" + 2
IndexError	索引越界	lst = []; lst[0]
FileNotFoundError	文件不存在	open("nonexistent.txt")
KeyError	字典键不存在	d = {}; d["missing"]

（四） 其他（感悟、思考等）

为了让计算器同时支持常规数字和复数，调试的时候经常要切换思维模式，经常会忘记复数是(a+bj)而不是(a+bi)，调整优先级运算也让我更好了解判断语句和循环语句

（五） 参考资料

• 《makedown使用语法》

• 《零基础学python》

• ...