历史数据就是将opcua 信息模型中的某一些变量保存起来，以便Client 端程序能够读取历史数据，作各种数据处理。
Opcua 标准指出历史数据的读写，主要包括：
- 属性 Historizing 当设置为True 时，该变量支持历史数据读写
- 属性 AccessLevel 设置为HistoryReadWirte
History 机制
存储方式：
- 存储在内存
- 存储在sqlite3 数据库中
我们重点关注Sqlite3 数据库方式。
Sqlite3
SQLite是一种用C写的小巧的嵌入式数据库，它的数据库就是一个文件。SQLite 不需要一个单独的服务器进程或操作的系统，不需要配置，这意味着不需要安装或管理，所有的维护都来自于SQLite 软件本身。python自带的轻量级数据库模块-sqlite3.python-opcua 的历史数据存储就是采用了python自带的sqlite3 实现的。具体的就是HistorySQLite 模块实现，它是一个类。
实例1 数据存储
import sys
sys.path.insert(0, "..")
import time
import mathfrom opcua import ua, Server
from opcua.server.history_sql import HistorySQLiteif __name__ == "__main__":# setup our serverserver = Server()server.set_endpoint("opc.tcp://127.0.0.1:48401/freeopcua/server/")# setup our own namespace, not really necessary but should as specuri = "http://examples.freeopcua.github.io"idx = server.register_namespace(uri)# get Objects node, this is where we should put our custom stuffobjects = server.get_objects_node()# populating our address spacemyobj = objects.add_object(idx, "MyObject")myvar = myobj.add_variable(idx, "MyVariable", ua.Variant(0, ua.VariantType.Double))myvar.set_writable() # Set MyVariable to be writable by clientsmyvar1 = myobj.add_variable(idx, "MyVariable1", ua.Variant(0, ua.VariantType.Double))myvar1.set_writable()# Configure server to use sqlite as history database (default is a simple memory dict)server.iserver.history_manager.set_storage(HistorySQLite("my_datavalue_history.sql"))# starting!server.start()# enable data change history for this particular node, must be called after start since it uses subscriptionserver.historize_node_data_change(myvar, period=None, count=100)server.historize_node_data_change(myvar1, period=None, count=100)try:count = 0while True:time.sleep(1)count += 0.1myvar.set_value(math.sin(count))myvar1.set_value(1-math.sin(count))finally:# close connection, remove subscriptions, etcserver.stop()从上述的程序可见：
定义了两个变量MyVariable和MyVariable1.
配置服务器的历史存储方式
server.iserver.history_manager.set_storage(HistorySQLite("my_datavalue_history.sql"))HistorySQLite就是前面提及的访问sqlite 的类。它的源代码是history_sql.py。我认为，如果我们向物使用其它的数据库，例如 influxDB，mongoDB，TD Engine 等，大概只要改写history_sql.py模块就可以了。
执行上述程序行，将在程序所在目录中打开my_datavalue_history.sql文件，如果每一这样的文件，程序将自动兴建一个my_datavalue_history.sql文件。
另外就是实现历史数据值改变的handle就可以了。
# enable data change history for this particular node, must be called after start since it uses subscriptionserver.historize_node_data_change(myvar, period=None, count=100)server.historize_node_data_change(myvar1, period=None, count=100)period是历史数据的存储周期，默认为7 天。操过这个时间会自动地被删除。count是存储数据的次数。
令人惊奇的是一旦设置完成，history 数据存储是完全自动地完成的。不需要额外的程序。
sqlite3 数据库的查看
my_datavalue_history.sql是一个二进制文件，在调试阶段如果要查看存储的数据，可以使用一个sqlite3 数据库浏览器程序，我使用DB Browser for SQLite。可以在其官网下载，安装。
这是它的界面截图
浏览数据
值得一提的是，数据库表的名称是变量NodeId 的名称构成的。在我的程序中
MyVariable的NodeId 是（ns=2，i=2）和（ns=2,i=3) 所以，对应表的名称为2_2 和2_3.
历史事件的存储
if __name__ == "__main__":# setup our serverserver = Server()server.set_endpoint("opc.tcp://localhost:48410/freeopcua/server/")# setup our own namespace, not really necessary but should as specuri = "http://examples.freeopcua.github.io"idx = server.register_namespace(uri)# get Objects node, this is where we should put our custom stuffobjects = server.get_objects_node()# populating our address spacemyobj = objects.add_object(idx, "MyObject")# Creating a custom event: Approach 1# The custom event object automatically will have members from its parent (BaseEventType)etype = server.create_custom_event_type(2, 'MyFirstEvent', ua.ObjectIds.BaseEventType,[('MyNumericProperty', ua.VariantType.Float),('MyStringProperty', ua.VariantType.String)])# create second eventetype2 = server.create_custom_event_type(2, 'MySecondEvent', ua.ObjectIds.BaseEventType,[('MyOtherProperty', ua.VariantType.Float)])# get an event generator for the myobj node which generates custom eventsmyevgen = server.get_event_generator(etype, myobj)myevgen.event.Severity = 500myevgen.event.MyStringProperty = ua.Variant("hello world")myevgen.event.MyNumericProperty = ua.Variant(-456)# get another event generator for the myobj node which generates different custom eventsmyevgen2 = server.get_event_generator(etype2, myobj)myevgen2.event.Severity = 123myevgen2.event.MyOtherProperty = ua.Variant(1.337)# get an event generator for the server node which generates BaseEventTypeserverevgen = server.get_event_generator()serverevgen.event.Severity = 111# Configure server to use sqlite as history database (default is a simple in memory dict)server.iserver.history_manager.set_storage(HistorySQLite("my_event_history.sql"))# starting!server.start()# enable history for myobj events; must be called after start since it uses subscriptionserver.iserver.enable_history_event(myobj, period=None)# enable history for server events; must be called after start since it uses subscriptionserver_node = server.get_node(ua.ObjectIds.Server)server.historize_node_event(server_node, period=None)try:count = 0while True:time.sleep(1)count += 0.1# generate events for subscribed clients and historymyevgen.trigger(message="This is MyFirstEvent " + str(count))myevgen2.trigger(message="This is MySecondEvent " + str(count))serverevgen.trigger(message="Server Event Message")# read event history from sqlend_time = datetime.utcnow()server_event_history = server_node.read_event_history(None, end_time, 0)finally:# close connection, remove subscriptions, etcserver.stop()
上述两个程序均能在spyder 中运行。希望能够帮到你。
