CentOS7.9+Kubernetes1.29.2+Docker25.0.3高可用集群二进制部署-编程知识

CentOS7.9+Kubernetes1.29.2+Docker25.0.3高可用集群二进制部署

Kubernetes高可用集群（Kubernetes1.29.2+Docker25.0.3）二进制部署
二进制软件部署flannel v0.22.3网络，使用的etcd是版本3，与之前使用版本2不同。查看官方文档进行了解。
截至北京时间2024年2月15日凌晨，k8s已经更新至1.29.2版。从v1.24起，Docker不能直接作为k8s的容器运行时。因为Docker庞大的生态和广泛的群众基础，我们可以通过补充安装cri-dockerd以满足容器运行时接口的条件。
版本关系

## 从kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz解压后有kubeadm
]# /opt/bin/kubernetes/kubeadm config images list
registry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:v1.29.2
registry.k8s.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.29.2
registry.k8s.io/kube-scheduler:v1.29.2
registry.k8s.io/kube-proxy:v1.29.2
registry.k8s.io/coredns/coredns:v1.11.1
registry.k8s.io/pause:3.9
registry.k8s.io/etcd:3.5.10-0

一、总体规划

1.1 软件获取

所有软件均为开源软件，源文件从官方链接或官方镜像链接地址获取。
所有软件采用最新稳定版本（不包括主机操作系统）。
关于主机操作系统内核版本，参考相关说明指导进行升级。

1.1.1 centos 7.9

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7.9.2009/isos/x86_64/
下载2009或2207其中任何一个版本都可以。
下载：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7.9.2009/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2009.iso
下载：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7.9.2009/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2207-02.iso

1.1.2 kubernetes v1.29.1

https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/releases
下载：https://dl.k8s.io/v1.29.1/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz

1.1.3 docker 25.0.3

https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/
下载：https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-25.0.3.tgz

1.1.4 cri-dockerd 0.3.9

https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd
下载：https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases/download/v0.3.9/cri-dockerd-0.3.9.amd64.tgz

1.1.5 etcd v3.5.12

https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/
下载：https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.5.12/etcd-v3.5.12-linux-amd64.tar.gz

1.1.6 cfssl v1.6.4

https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases
下载：https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.6.4/cfssljson_1.6.4_linux_amd64
下载：https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.6.4/cfssl_1.6.4_linux_amd64
下载：https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.6.4/cfssl-certinfo_1.6.4_linux_amd64

1.1.7 flannel v0.24.2

https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel
下载：https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/releases/download/v0.24.2/flannel-v0.24.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz

1.1.8 cni-plugins v1.4.0、cni-plugin v1.4.0

下载：https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v1.4.0/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.4.0.tgz
下载：https://github.com/flannel-io/cni-plugin/releases/download/v1.4.0-flannel1/cni-plugin-flannel-linux-amd64-v1.4.0-flannel1.tgz

1.19 nginx 1.24.0

http://nginx.org/en/download.html

下载：http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz

1.2 集群主机规划

1.2.1 虚拟机安装及主机设置

主机名与hosts本地解析

Hostname	Host IP	Docker IP	Role
k8s1.29.1-1	192.168.26.31	10.26.31.1/24	master&worker、etcd、docker、flannel
k8s1.29.1-2	192.168.26.32	10.26.32.1/24	master&worker、etcd、docker、flannel
k8s1.29.1-3	192.168.26.33	10.26.33.1/24	master&worker、etcd、docker、flannel

[root@vm51 ~]# hostname      ## 修改：# hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-31
k8s-31
src]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.26.31 k8s1.29.1-1 vm31 etcd_node1 k8s-31
192.168.26.32 k8s1.29.1-2 vm32 etcd_node2 k8s-32
192.168.26.33 k8s1.29.1-3 vm33 etcd_node3 k8s-33

关闭防火墙

 ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalldRemoved symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.~]# firewall-cmd --statenot running

关闭SELINUX

 ~]# sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config~]# reboot~]# sestatusSELinux status:                 disabled

修改SELinux配置需要重启操作系统。

关闭交换分区

 ~]# sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab~]# swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0~]# cat /etc/fstab#UUID=2ee3ecc4-e9e9-47c5-9afe-7b7b46fd6bab swap                    swap    defaults        0 0~]# free -mtotal        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           3770         171        3460          19         138        3402
Swap:             0           0           0

配置ulimit

 ~]# ulimit -SHn 65535~]# cat << EOF >> /etc/security/limits.conf
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited
EOF

1.2.2 ipvs管理工具安装及模块加载

获取离线安装rpm包，参考：附：安装ipvs工具

~]# yum install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y...
~]# cat >> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf <<EOF
ip_vs
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack
ip_tables
ip_set
xt_set
ipt_set
ipt_rpfilter
ipt_REJECT
ipip
EOF~]# systemctl restart systemd-modules-load.service~]# lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack
ip_vs_sh               12688  0
ip_vs_wrr              12697  0
ip_vs_rr               12600  4
ip_vs                 145458  10 ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_wrr
nf_conntrack_ipv6      18935  3
nf_defrag_ipv6         35104  1 nf_conntrack_ipv6
nf_conntrack_netlink    40492  0
nf_conntrack_ipv4      19149  5
nf_defrag_ipv4         12729  1 nf_conntrack_ipv4
nf_conntrack          143360  10 ip_vs,nf_nat,nf_nat_ipv4,nf_nat_ipv6,xt_conntrack,nf_nat_masquerade_ipv4,nf_nat_masquerade_ipv6,nf_conntrack_netlink,nf_conntrack_ipv4,nf_conntrack_ipv6
libcrc32c              12644  4 xfs,ip_vs,nf_nat,nf_conntrack

1.2.3 加载containerd相关内核模块

 临时加载模块~]# modprobe overlay~]# modprobe br_netfilter永久性加载模块~]# cat > /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf << EOF
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF设置为开机启动~]# systemctl restart systemd-modules-load.service ##systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service

1.2.4 开启内核路由转发及网桥过滤

 ~]# cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 131072
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
EOF

 ~]# sysctl --system所有节点配置完内核后，重启服务器，保证重启后内核依旧加载~]# reboot -h now重启后查看ipvs模块加载情况：~]# lsmod | grep --color=auto -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack重启后查看containerd相关模块加载情况：~]# lsmod | egrep 'br_netfilter | overlay'

1.2.5 主机时间同步

略

1.2.6 创建软件部署目录

/opt/app 存放部署资源文件
/opt/cfg 存放配置文件
/opt/cert 存放证书
/opt/bin 链接/opt/app下的源文件，去除文件名中的版本号，方便升级时只需要更改链接即可。

 ]# mkdir -p /opt/{app,cfg,cert,bin}

将下载的软件及资源上传到主机k8s-31（192.168.26.31）：/opt/app

1.3 集群网络规划

网络名称	网段	备注
Node网络	192.168.26.0/24	Node IP，Node节点的IP地址，即物理机（宿主机）的网卡地址。
Service网络	10.168.0.0/16	Cluster IP，也可叫Service IP，Service的IP地址。service-cluster-ip-range定义Service IP地址范围的参数。
Pod网络	10.26.0.0/16	Pod IP，Pod的IP地址，容器（docker0）网桥分配的地址。cluster-cidr定义Pod网络CIDR地址范围的参数。

配置：

 apiserver：--service-cluster-ip-range 10.168.0.0/16    ##Service网络 10.168.0.0/16controller：--cluster-cidr 10.26.0.0/16   ##Pod网络 10.26.0.0/16--service-cluster-ip-range 10.168.0.0/16   ##service网络 10.168.0.0/16kubelet：--cluster-dns 10.168.0.2   ## 解析Service，10.168.0.2proxy：--cluster-cidr 10.26.0.0/16   ##Pod网络 10.26.0.0/16

1.4 资源清单与镜像

类型	名称	下载链接	说明
yaml资源	coredns.yaml.base	https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.29.2/cluster/addons/dns/coredns/coredns.yaml.base	kubectl部署
yaml资源	recommended.yaml	https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/blob/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml	kubectl部署
yaml资源	components.yaml（metrics server）	https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/releases/download/v0.7.0/components.yaml	kubectl部署
镜像	metrics-server:v0.7.0	registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/metrics-server:v0.7.0	部署pod…
镜像	coredns:v1.11.1	registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns: v1.11.1	部署pod…
镜像	dashboard:v2.7.0	registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/dashboard:v2.7.0	部署pod…
镜像	metrics-scraper:v1.0.8	registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8	部署pod…
镜像	pause:3.9	registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9	部署pod…

1.5 部署证书生成工具

app]# mv cfssl_1.6.4_linux_amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
app]# mv cfssl-certinfo_1.6.4_linux_amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
app]# mv cfssljson_1.6.4_linux_amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
app]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cfssl*
app]# cfssl version
Version: 1.6.4
Runtime: go1.18

二、安装docker

2.1 解压、创建软连接、分发

## k8s-31：
~]# cd /opt/app/
app]# tar zxvf docker-25.0.3.tgz
app]# ls docker
containerd  containerd-shim-runc-v2  ctr  docker  dockerd  docker-init  docker-proxy  runc
app]# mv docker /opt/bin/docker-25.0.3
app]# ls  /opt/bin/docker-25.0.3
containerd  containerd-shim-runc-v2  ctr  docker  dockerd  docker-init  docker-proxy  runc
app]# ln -s /opt/bin/docker-25.0.3/containerd /usr/bin/containerd
app]# ln -s /opt/bin/docker-25.0.3/containerd-shim-runc-v2 /usr/bin/containerd-shim-runc-v2
app]# ln -s /opt/bin/docker-25.0.3/ctr /usr/bin/ctr
app]# ln -s /opt/bin/docker-25.0.3/docker /usr/bin/docker
app]# ln -s /opt/bin/docker-25.0.3/dockerd /usr/bin/dockerd
app]# ln -s /opt/bin/docker-25.0.3/docker-init /usr/bin/docker-init
app]# ln -s /opt/bin/docker-25.0.3/docker-proxy /usr/bin/docker-proxy
app]# ln -s /opt/bin/docker-25.0.3/runc /usr/bin/runc
app]# docker -v
Docker version 25.0.3, build 4debf41

## 复制到k8s-32、k8s-33
app]# scp -r /opt/bin/docker-25.0.3/ root@k8s-32:/opt/bin/.
app]# scp -r /opt/bin/docker-25.0.3/ root@k8s-33:/opt/bin/.
## 在k8s-32、k8s-33创建软连接：同上

2.2 创建目录、配置文件

在3台主机上：

## k8s-31：
]# mkdir -p /data/docker /etc/docker
]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{"data-root": "/data/docker","storage-driver": "overlay2","insecure-registries": ["harbor.oss.com:32402"],"registry-mirrors": ["https://5gce61mx.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],"bip": "10.26.31.1/24","exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],"live-restore": true
}## k8s-32：
]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{"data-root": "/data/docker","storage-driver": "overlay2","insecure-registries": ["harbor.oss.com:32402"],"registry-mirrors": ["https://5gce61mx.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],"bip": "10.26.32.1/24","exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],"live-restore": true
}## k8s-33：
]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{"data-root": "/data/docker","storage-driver": "overlay2","insecure-registries": ["harbor.oss.com:32402"],"registry-mirrors": ["https://5gce61mx.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],"bip": "10.26.33.1/24","exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],"live-restore": true
}

2.3 创建启动文件

]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

2.4 启动、检查

]# systemctl daemon-reload
]# systemctl start docker; systemctl enable docker

app]# docker info
Client:Version:    25.0.3Context:    defaultDebug Mode: falseServer:Containers: 0Running: 0Paused: 0Stopped: 0Images: 0Server Version: 25.0.3Storage Driver: overlay2Backing Filesystem: xfsSupports d_type: trueUsing metacopy: falseNative Overlay Diff: trueuserxattr: falseLogging Driver: json-fileCgroup Driver: systemdCgroup Version: 1Plugins:Volume: localNetwork: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlayLog: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local splunk syslogSwarm: inactiveRuntimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 runcDefault Runtime: runcInit Binary: docker-initcontainerd version: 7c3aca7a610df76212171d200ca3811ff6096eb8runc version: v1.1.12-0-g51d5e94init version: de40ad0Security Options:seccompProfile: builtinKernel Version: 3.10.0-1160.90.1.el7.x86_64Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)OSType: linuxArchitecture: x86_64CPUs: 2Total Memory: 3.682GiBName: k8s-31ID: 82c85b74-eaa7-4bc5-8c10-7ae63867d428Docker Root Dir: /data/dockerDebug Mode: falseExperimental: falseInsecure Registries:harbor.oss.com:32402127.0.0.0/8Registry Mirrors:https://5gce61mx.mirror.aliyuncs.com/Live Restore Enabled: trueProduct License: Community Engine

app]# docker version
Client:Version:           25.0.3API version:       1.44Go version:        go1.21.6Git commit:        4debf41Built:             Tue Feb  6 21:13:00 2024OS/Arch:           linux/amd64Context:           defaultServer: Docker Engine - CommunityEngine:Version:          25.0.3API version:      1.44 (minimum version 1.24)Go version:       go1.21.6Git commit:       f417435Built:            Tue Feb  6 21:13:08 2024OS/Arch:          linux/amd64Experimental:     falsecontainerd:Version:          v1.7.13GitCommit:        7c3aca7a610df76212171d200ca3811ff6096eb8runc:Version:          1.1.12GitCommit:        v1.1.12-0-g51d5e94docker-init:Version:          0.19.0GitCommit:        de40ad0

app]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope hostvalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:2b:81:d1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 192.168.26.31/24 brd 192.168.26.255 scope global noprefixroute ens32valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe2b:81d1/64 scope linkvalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group defaultlink/ether 02:42:7b:83:16:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 10.26.31.1/24 brd 10.26.31.255 scope global docker0valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2.5 拉取镜像

在k8s-33：

k8s-53 ~]# docker pull centos
...
k8s-53 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   2 years ago   231MB
k8s-33 ~]# docker run -i -t --name test centos /bin/bash
[root@11854f9856c7 /]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: eth0@if5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group defaultlink/ether 02:42:0a:1a:21:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0inet 10.26.33.2/24 brd 10.26.33.255 scope global eth0valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverk8s-33 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS                       PORTS     NAMES
11854f9856c7   centos    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Exited (127) 2 seconds ago             test
k8s-33 ~]# docker rm test

三、安装cri-dockerd

为什么要安装cri-dockerd插件？

K8s在刚开源时没有自己的容器引擎，而当时docker非常火爆是容器的代表，所以就在kubelet的代码里集成了对接docker的代码——docker shim，所以1.24版本之前是默认使用docker，不需要安装cri-dockerd。
K8s 1.24版本移除 docker-shim的代码，而 Docker Engine 默认又不支持CRI标准，因此二者默认无法再直接集成。为此，Mirantis 和 Docker 为了Docker Engine 提供一个能够支持到CRI规范的桥梁，就联合创建了cri-dockerd，从而能够让 Docker 作为K8s 容器引擎。
截至目前2023年10月20日，k8s已经更新至1.28.3版。从v1.24起，Docker不能直接作为k8s的容器运行时，因为在k8s v1.24版本移除了叫dockershim的组件，这是由k8s团队直接维护而非Docker团队维护的组件，这意味着Docker和k8s的关系不再像原来那般亲密，开发者需要使用其它符合CRI（容器运行时接口）的容器运行时工具（如containerd, CRI-O等），当然这并不意味着新版本的k8s彻底抛弃Docker（由于Docker庞大的生态和广泛的群众基础，显然这并不容易办到），在原本安装了Docker的基础上，可以通过补充安装cri-dockerd，以满足容器运行时接口的条件，从某种程度上说，cri-dockerd就是翻版的dockershim。

3.1 解压、创建软链接、分发

k8s-31 app]# tar -zxvf cri-dockerd-0.3.9.amd64.tgz
k8s-31 app]# mv cri-dockerd /opt/bin/cri-dockerd-0.3.9
k8s-31 app]# ll /opt/bin/cri-dockerd-0.3.9
总用量 46800
-rwxr-xr-x 1 1001 127 47923200 1月   2 23:31 cri-dockerd
k8s-31 app]# ln -s /opt/bin/cri-dockerd-0.3.9/cri-dockerd /usr/local/bin/cri-dockerd
k8s-31 app]# cri-dockerd --version
cri-dockerd 0.3.9 (c50b98d)

复制：
k8s-31 app]# scp -r /opt/bin/cri-dockerd-0.3.9 root@k8s-32:/opt/bin/.
k8s-31 app]# scp -r /opt/bin/cri-dockerd-0.3.9 root@k8s-33:/opt/bin/.
创建软链接：同上

3.2 修改配置文件、启动

]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-dockerd.service
[Unit]
Description=CRI Interface for Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.mirantis.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service docker.service
Wants=network-online.target
# Requires=cri-docker.socket ## 如果启动报错，则注释掉这一行[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/cri-dockerd --network-plugin=cni --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
TimeoutSec=0
RestartSec=2
Restart=always# Note that StartLimit* options were moved from "Service" to "Unit" in systemd 229.
# Both the old, and new location are accepted by systemd 229 and up, so using the old location
# to make them work for either version of systemd.
StartLimitBurst=3# Note that StartLimitInterval was renamed to StartLimitIntervalSec in systemd 230.
# Both the old, and new name are accepted by systemd 230 and up, so using the old name to make
# this option work for either version of systemd.
StartLimitInterval=60s# Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead
# in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting.
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity# Comment TasksMax if your systemd version does not support it.
# Only systemd 226 and above support this option.
TasksMax=infinity
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

]# systemctl daemon-reload
]# systemctl enable cri-dockerd && systemctl start cri-dockerd]# systemctl status cri-dockerd
● cri-dockerd.service - CRI Interface for Docker Application Container EngineLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-dockerd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since 三 2024-02-14 23:04:32 CST; 15s agoDocs: https://docs.mirantis.comMain PID: 7950 (cri-dockerd)Tasks: 8Memory: 8.5MCGroup: /system.slice/cri-dockerd.service└─7950 /usr/local/bin/cri-dockerd --network-plugin=cni --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9...

四、创建证书

在k8s-31上/opt/cert目录下创建，然后分发。

4.1 创建CA根证书

ca-csr.json

cert]# cat > ca-csr.json   << EOF
{"CN": "kubernetes","key": {"algo": "rsa","size": 2048},"names": [{"C": "CN","ST": "Beijing","L": "Beijing","O": "Kubernetes","OU": "Kubernetes-manual"}],"ca": {"expiry": "876000h"}
}
EOF

cert]# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
cert]# ls ca*pem
ca-key.pem  ca.pem

ca-config.json

cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{"signing": {"default": {"expiry": "876000h"},"profiles": {"kubernetes": {"usages": ["signing","key encipherment","server auth","client auth"],"expiry": "876000h"}}}
}
EOF

4.2 创建etcd证书

etcd-ca-csr.json

cat > etcd-ca-csr.json  << EOF
{"CN": "etcd","key": {"algo": "rsa","size": 2048},"names": [{"C": "CN","ST": "Beijing","L": "Beijing","O": "etcd","OU": "Etcd Security"}],"ca": {"expiry": "876000h"}
}
EOF

etcd-csr.json

cat > etcd-csr.json << EOF
{"CN": "etcd","key": {"algo": "rsa","size": 2048},"names": [{"C": "CN","ST": "Beijing","L": "Beijing","O": "etcd","OU": "Etcd Security"}]
}
EOF

cert]# cfssl gencert -initca etcd-ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcd-ca
cert]# ls etcd-ca*pem
etcd-ca-key.pem  etcd-ca.pemcert]# cfssl gencert \-ca=./etcd-ca.pem \-ca-key=./etcd-ca-key.pem \-config=./ca-config.json \-hostname=127.0.0.1,k8s-31,k8s-32,k8s-33,192.168.26.31,192.168.26.32,192.168.26.33 \-profile=kubernetes \etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ./etcd
cert]# ls etcd*pem
etcd-ca-key.pem  etcd-ca.pem  etcd-key.pem  etcd.pem

4.3 创建kube-apiserver证书

apiserver-csr.json

cat > apiserver-csr.json << EOF
{"CN": "kube-apiserver","key": {"algo": "rsa","size": 2048},"names": [{"C": "CN","ST": "Beijing","L": "Beijing","O": "Kubernetes","OU": "Kubernetes-manual"}]
}
EOF

cert]# cfssl gencert   \
-ca=./ca.pem   \
-ca-key=./ca-key.pem   \
-config=./ca-config.json   \
-hostname=127.0.0.1,k8s-31,k8s-32,k8s-33,192.168.26.31,192.168.26.32,192.168.26.33,10.168.0.1,kubernetes,kubernetes.default,kubernetes.default.svc,kubernetes.default.svc.cluster,kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local  \
-profile=kubernetes   apiserver-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ./apiserver
cert]# ls apiserver*pem
apiserver-key.pem  apiserver.pem

front-proxy-ca-csr.json

cat > front-proxy-ca-csr.json  << EOF
{"CN": "kubernetes","key": {"algo": "rsa","size": 2048},"ca": {"expiry": "876000h"}
}
EOF

front-proxy-client-csr.json

cat > front-proxy-client-csr.json  << EOF
{"CN": "front-proxy-client","key": {"algo": "rsa","size": 2048}
}
EOF

 ## 生成kube-apiserver聚合证书
cert]# cfssl gencert -initca front-proxy-ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ./front-proxy-ca
cert]# ls front-proxy-ca*pem
front-proxy-ca-key.pem  front-proxy-ca.pemcert]# cfssl gencert  \
-ca=./front-proxy-ca.pem   \
-ca-key=./front-proxy-ca-key.pem   \
-config=./ca-config.json   \
-profile=kubernetes front-proxy-client-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ./front-proxy-client
cert]# ls front-proxy-client*pem
front-proxy-client-key.pem  front-proxy-client.pem

4.4 创建kube-controller-manager的证书

manager-csr.json，用于生成配置文件controller-manager.kubeconfig

cat > manager-csr.json << EOF
{"CN": "system:kube-controller-manager","key": {"algo": "rsa","size": 2048},"names": [{"C": "CN","ST": "Beijing","L": "Beijing","O": "system:kube-controller-manager","OU": "Kubernetes-manual"}]
}
EOF

cert]# cfssl gencert \-ca=./ca.pem \-ca-key=./ca-key.pem \-config=./ca-config.json \-profile=kubernetes \manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ./controller-manager
cert]# ls controller-manager*pem
controller-manager-key.pem  controller-manager.pem

admin-csr.json，用于生成配置文件admin.kubeconfig

cat > admin-csr.json << EOF
{"CN": "admin","key": {"algo": "rsa","size": 2048},"names": [{"C": "CN","ST": "Beijing","L": "Beijing","O": "system:masters","OU": "Kubernetes-manual"}]
}
EOF

cert]# cfssl gencert \-ca=./ca.pem \-ca-key=./ca-key.pem \-config=./ca-config.json \-profile=kubernetes \admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ./admin
cert]# ls admin*pem
admin-key.pem  admin.pem

4.5 创建kube-schedule证书

scheduler-csr.json，用于生成配置文件scheduler.kubeconfig

cat > scheduler-csr.json << EOF
{"CN": "system:kube-scheduler","key": {"algo": "rsa","size": 2048},"names": [{"C": "CN","ST": "Beijing","L": "Beijing","O": "system:kube-scheduler","OU": "Kubernetes-manual"}]
}
EOF

cert]# cfssl gencert \-ca=./ca.pem \-ca-key=./ca-key.pem \-config=./ca-config.json \-profile=kubernetes \scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ./scheduler
cert]# ls scheduler*pem
scheduler-key.pem  scheduler.pem

4.6 创建kube-prox证书

kube-proxy-csr.json，用于生成配置文件kube-proxy.kubeconfig

cat > kube-proxy-csr.json  << EOF
{"CN": "system:kube-proxy","key": {"algo": "rsa","size": 2048},"names": [{"C": "CN","ST": "Beijing","L": "Beijing","O": "system:kube-proxy","OU": "Kubernetes-manual"}]
}
EOF

cert]# cfssl gencert \-ca=./ca.pem \-ca-key=./ca-key.pem \-config=./ca-config.json \-profile=kubernetes \kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ./kube-proxy
cert]# ls kube-proxy*pem
kube-proxy-key.pem  kube-proxy.pem

4.7 创建ServiceAccount Key - secret

cert]# openssl genrsa -out /opt/cert/sa.key 2048
cert]# openssl rsa -in /opt/cert/sa.key -pubout -out /opt/cert/sa.pub
cert]# ls /opt/cert/sa*
/opt/cert/sa.key  /opt/cert/sa.pub

4.8 分发证书到各节点

cert]# scp /opt/cert/* root@k8s-32:/opt/cert/.
cert]# scp /opt/cert/* root@k8s-33:/opt/cert/.

五、部署etcd

5.1 准备etcd二进制软件

 ## 解压软件包，并将运行软件放到/opt/bin目录
k8s-31 app]# tar -xf etcd-v3.5.12-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /opt/bin
k8s-31 app]# ls /opt/bin/etcd-v3.5.12-linux-amd64/ -l
总用量 52408
总用量 54908
drwxr-xr-x 3 528287 89939       40 1月  31 18:36 Documentation
-rwxr-xr-x 1 528287 89939 23543808 1月  31 18:36 etcd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 528287 89939 17743872 1月  31 18:36 etcdctl
-rwxr-xr-x 1 528287 89939 14864384 1月  31 18:36 etcdutl
-rw-r--r-- 1 528287 89939    42066 1月  31 18:36 README-etcdctl.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 528287 89939     7359 1月  31 18:36 README-etcdutl.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 528287 89939     9394 1月  31 18:36 README.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 528287 89939     7896 1月  31 18:36 READMEv2-etcdctl.md
k8s-31 app]# ln -s /opt/bin/etcd-v3.5.12-linux-amd64/etcdctl /usr/local/bin/etcdctl
k8s-31 app]# ln -s /opt/bin/etcd-v3.5.12-linux-amd64/etcd /opt/bin/etcd
k8s-31 app]# etcdctl version
etcdctl version: 3.5.12
API version: 3.5

 ## 复制软件到其他节点
]# scp -r /opt/bin/etcd-v3.5.12-linux-amd64/ root@k8s-32:/opt/bin/
]# scp -r /opt/bin/etcd-v3.5.12-linux-amd64/ root@k8s-33:/opt/bin/
## 在其他节点创建软链接
]# ln -s /opt/bin/etcd-v3.5.12-linux-amd64/etcdctl /usr/local/bin/etcdctl
]# ln -s /opt/bin/etcd-v3.5.12-linux-amd64/etcd /opt/bin/etcd

5.2 启动参数配置文件

k8s-31：/opt/cfg/etcd.config.yml

cat > /opt/cfg/etcd.config.yml << EOF
name: 'k8s-31'
data-dir: /var/lib/etcd
wal-dir: /var/lib/etcd/wal
snapshot-count: 5000
heartbeat-interval: 100
election-timeout: 1000
quota-backend-bytes: 0
listen-peer-urls: 'https://192.168.26.31:2380'
listen-client-urls: 'https://192.168.26.31:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379'
max-snapshots: 3
max-wals: 5
cors:
initial-advertise-peer-urls: 'https://192.168.26.31:2380'
advertise-client-urls: 'https://192.168.26.31:2379'
discovery:
discovery-fallback: 'proxy'
discovery-proxy:
discovery-srv:
initial-cluster: 'k8s-31=https://192.168.26.31:2380,k8s-32=https://192.168.26.32:2380,k8s-33=https://192.168.26.33:2380'
initial-cluster-token: 'etcd-k8s-cluster'
initial-cluster-state: 'new'
strict-reconfig-check: false
enable-pprof: true
proxy: 'off'
proxy-failure-wait: 5000
proxy-refresh-interval: 30000
proxy-dial-timeout: 1000
proxy-write-timeout: 5000
proxy-read-timeout: 0
client-transport-security:cert-file: '/opt/cert/etcd.pem'key-file: '/opt/cert/etcd-key.pem'client-cert-auth: truetrusted-ca-file: '/opt/cert/etcd-ca.pem'auto-tls: true
peer-transport-security:cert-file: '/opt/cert/etcd.pem'key-file: '/opt/cert/etcd-key.pem'peer-client-cert-auth: truetrusted-ca-file: '/opt/cert/etcd-ca.pem'auto-tls: true
debug: false
log-package-levels:
log-outputs: [default]
force-new-cluster: false
EOF

etcd启动参数配置文件没有enable-v2: true时，etcd默认为v3，命令行中可以不加ETCDCTL_API=3

k8s-32：/opt/cfg/etcd.config.yml

cat > /opt/cfg/etcd.config.yml << EOF
name: 'k8s-32'
data-dir: /var/lib/etcd
wal-dir: /var/lib/etcd/wal
snapshot-count: 5000
heartbeat-interval: 100
election-timeout: 1000
quota-backend-bytes: 0
listen-peer-urls: 'https://192.168.26.32:2380'
listen-client-urls: 'https://192.168.26.32:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379'
max-snapshots: 3
max-wals: 5
cors:
initial-advertise-peer-urls: 'https://192.168.26.32:2380'
advertise-client-urls: 'https://192.168.26.32:2379'
discovery:
discovery-fallback: 'proxy'
discovery-proxy:
discovery-srv:
initial-cluster: 'k8s-31=https://192.168.26.31:2380,k8s-32=https://192.168.26.32:2380,k8s-33=https://192.168.26.33:2380'
initial-cluster-token: 'etcd-k8s-cluster'
initial-cluster-state: 'new'
strict-reconfig-check: false
enable-pprof: true
proxy: 'off'
proxy-failure-wait: 5000
proxy-refresh-interval: 30000
proxy-dial-timeout: 1000
proxy-write-timeout: 5000
proxy-read-timeout: 0
client-transport-security:cert-file: '/opt/cert/etcd.pem'key-file: '/opt/cert/etcd-key.pem'client-cert-auth: truetrusted-ca-file: '/opt/cert/etcd-ca.pem'auto-tls: true
peer-transport-security:cert-file: '/opt/cert/etcd.pem'key-file: '/opt/cert/etcd-key.pem'peer-client-cert-auth: truetrusted-ca-file: '/opt/cert/etcd-ca.pem'auto-tls: true
debug: false
log-package-levels:
log-outputs: [default]
force-new-cluster: false
EOF

k8s-33：/opt/cfg/etcd.config.yml

cat > /opt/cfg/etcd.config.yml << EOF
name: 'k8s-33'
data-dir: /var/lib/etcd
wal-dir: /var/lib/etcd/wal
snapshot-count: 5000
heartbeat-interval: 100
election-timeout: 1000
quota-backend-bytes: 0
listen-peer-urls: 'https://192.168.26.33:2380'
listen-client-urls: 'https://192.168.26.33:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379'
max-snapshots: 3
max-wals: 5
cors:
initial-advertise-peer-urls: 'https://192.168.26.33:2380'
advertise-client-urls: 'https://192.168.26.33:2379'
discovery:
discovery-fallback: 'proxy'
discovery-proxy:
discovery-srv:
initial-cluster: 'k8s-31=https://192.168.26.31:2380,k8s-32=https://192.168.26.32:2380,k8s-33=https://192.168.26.33:2380'
initial-cluster-token: 'etcd-k8s-cluster'
initial-cluster-state: 'new'
strict-reconfig-check: false
enable-pprof: true
proxy: 'off'
proxy-failure-wait: 5000
proxy-refresh-interval: 30000
proxy-dial-timeout: 1000
proxy-write-timeout: 5000
proxy-read-timeout: 0
client-transport-security:cert-file: '/opt/cert/etcd.pem'key-file: '/opt/cert/etcd-key.pem'client-cert-auth: truetrusted-ca-file: '/opt/cert/etcd-ca.pem'auto-tls: true
peer-transport-security:cert-file: '/opt/cert/etcd.pem'key-file: '/opt/cert/etcd-key.pem'peer-client-cert-auth: truetrusted-ca-file: '/opt/cert/etcd-ca.pem'auto-tls: true
debug: false
log-package-levels:
log-outputs: [default]
force-new-cluster: false
EOF

5.3 创建service、启动、检查

在edcd节点k8s-31、k8s-32、k8s-33

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Service
Documentation=https://coreos.com/etcd/docs/latest/
After=network.target[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/opt/bin/etcd --config-file=/opt/cfg/etcd.config.yml
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10
LimitNOFILE=65536[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Alias=etcd3.serviceEOF

启动，检查

]# systemctl daemon-reload
]# systemctl enable --now etcd
]# systemctl status etcd
● etcd.service - Etcd ServiceLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since 三 2024-02-14 23:30:58 CST; 27s agoDocs: https://coreos.com/etcd/docs/latest/Main PID: 8234 (etcd)Tasks: 8Memory: 25.1MCGroup: /system.slice/etcd.service└─8234 /opt/bin/etcd --config-file=/opt/cfg/etcd.config.yml...

## 默认：ETCDCTL_API=3 
]# etcdctl --endpoints="192.168.26.31:2379,192.168.26.32:2379,192.168.26.33:2379" \
--cacert=/opt/cert/etcd-ca.pem --cert=/opt/cert/etcd.pem --key=/opt/cert/etcd-key.pem  endpoint health --write-out=table
+--------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
|      ENDPOINT      | HEALTH |    TOOK     | ERROR |
+--------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
| 192.168.26.31:2379 |   true | 16.326281ms |       |
| 192.168.26.33:2379 |   true | 16.370608ms |       |
| 192.168.26.32:2379 |   true | 16.186462ms |       |
+--------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
]# etcdctl --endpoints="192.168.26.31:2379,192.168.26.32:2379,192.168.26.33:2379" \
--cacert=/opt/cert/etcd-ca.pem --cert=/opt/cert/etcd.pem --key=/opt/cert/etcd-key.pem  endpoint status --write-out=table
+--------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+
|      ENDPOINT      |        ID        | VERSION | DB SIZE | IS LEADER | IS LEARNER | RAFT TERM | RAFT INDEX | RAFT APPLIED INDEX | ERRORS |
+--------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+
| 192.168.26.31:2379 | a691f6e64894f556 |  3.5.12 |   20 kB |     false |      false |         2 |         11 |                 11 |        |
| 192.168.26.32:2379 | 1881c098ef00b752 |  3.5.12 |   25 kB |     false |      false |         2 |         11 |                 11 |        |
| 192.168.26.33:2379 | a75235b88a6dbf08 |  3.5.12 |   20 kB |      true |      false |         2 |         11 |                 11 |        |
+--------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+
]# etcdctl --endpoints="192.168.26.31:2379,192.168.26.32:2379,192.168.26.33:2379" \
--cacert=/opt/cert/etcd-ca.pem --cert=/opt/cert/etcd.pem --key=/opt/cert/etcd-key.pem member list --write-out=table
+------------------+---------+--------+----------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
|        ID        | STATUS  |  NAME  |         PEER ADDRS         |        CLIENT ADDRS        | IS LEARNER |
+------------------+---------+--------+----------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
| 1881c098ef00b752 | started | k8s-32 | https://192.168.26.32:2380 | https://192.168.26.32:2379 |      false |
| a691f6e64894f556 | started | k8s-31 | https://192.168.26.31:2380 | https://192.168.26.31:2379 |      false |
| a75235b88a6dbf08 | started | k8s-33 | https://192.168.26.33:2380 | https://192.168.26.33:2379 |      false |
+------------------+---------+--------+----------------------------+----------------------------+------------+

六、部署flannel

官方参考：

https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/blob/v0.22.3/Documentation/configuration.md
https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/blob/v0.22.3/Documentation/running.md

6.1、确认etcd正常

参见etcd部分。

6.2、查看当前路由

k8s-31:
]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.26.2    0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens32
10.26.31.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 docker0
192.168.26.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens32k8s-32:
]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.26.2    0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens32
10.26.32.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 docker0
192.168.26.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens32k8s-33:
]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.26.2    0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens32
10.26.33.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 docker0
192.168.26.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens32

清除其它路由，如：route del -net 10.26.57.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.26.53

6.3、添加flannel网络信息到etcd

在任一etcd节点进行操作

~]# etcdctl --endpoints="192.168.26.31:2379,192.168.26.32:2379,192.168.26.33:2379" \
--cacert=/opt/cert/etcd-ca.pem --cert=/opt/cert/etcd.pem --key=/opt/cert/etcd-key.pem \
put /coreos.com/network/config '{"Network": "10.26.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "host-gw"}}'

查看

~]# etcdctl --endpoints="192.168.26.31:2379,192.168.26.32:2379,192.168.26.33:2379" \
--cacert=/opt/cert/etcd-ca.pem --cert=/opt/cert/etcd.pem --key=/opt/cert/etcd-key.pem get /coreos.com/network/config
/coreos.com/network/config
{"Network": "10.26.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "host-gw"}}

6.4、flannel解压、创建软连接

k8s-31：

]# cd /opt/app
k8s-31 app]# mkdir /opt/bin/flannel-v0.24.2-linux-amd64
k8s-31 app]# tar zxvf flannel-v0.24.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /opt/bin/flannel-v0.24.2-linux-amd64
flanneld
mk-docker-opts.sh
README.md
k8s-31 app]# scp -r /opt/bin/flannel-v0.24.2-linux-amd64 root@k8s-32:/opt/bin/.
k8s-31 app]# scp -r /opt/bin/flannel-v0.24.2-linux-amd64 root@k8s-33:/opt/bin/.
## 创建软连接
]# ln -s /opt/bin/flannel-v0.24.2-linux-amd64/flanneld /opt/bin/flanneld

6.5、添加配置文件

k8s-31：--public-ip=192.168.26.31；k8s-32：--public-ip=192.168.26.32；k8s-33：--public-ip=192.168.26.33

cat > /opt/cfg/kube-flanneld.conf << EOF
KUBE_FLANNELD_OPTS="--public-ip=192.168.26.31 \\
--etcd-endpoints=https://192.168.26.31:2379,https://192.168.26.32:2379,https://192.168.26.33:2379 \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/cert/etcd-key.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/cert/etcd.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/cert/etcd-ca.pem \\
--kube-subnet-mgr=false \\
--iface=ens32 \\
--iptables-resync=5 \\
--subnet-file=/run/flannel/subnet.env \\
--healthz-port=2401"
EOF

]# mkdir /run/flannel
]# vi /run/flannel/subnet.env
k8s-31：
FLANNEL_NETWORK=10.26.0.0/16
FLANNEL_SUBNET=10.26.31.1/24
FLANNEL_MTU=1450
FLANNEL_IPMASQ=falsek8s-32：
FLANNEL_NETWORK=10.26.0.0/16
FLANNEL_SUBNET=10.26.32.1/24
FLANNEL_MTU=1450
FLANNEL_IPMASQ=falsek8s-33：
FLANNEL_NETWORK=10.26.0.0/16
FLANNEL_SUBNET=10.26.33.1/24
FLANNEL_MTU=1450
FLANNEL_IPMASQ=false

6.6、添加启动文件

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-flanneld.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes flanneld
Documentation=https://github.com/coreos/flannel
After=network.target
Before=docker.service[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/cfg/kube-flanneld.conf
## ExecStartPost=/usr/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh 这一行注释掉
ExecStart=/opt/bin/flanneld \$KUBE_FLANNELD_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
Type=notify
LimitNOFILE=65536[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

6.7、启动、检查

]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start kube-flanneld && systemctl enable kube-flanneld
]# systemctl status kube-flanneld
● kube-flanneld.service - Kubernetes flanneldLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-flanneld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since 三 2024-02-14 23:59:27 CST; 17s agoDocs: https://github.com/coreos/flannelMain PID: 8365 (flanneld)CGroup: /system.slice/kube-flanneld.service└─8365 /opt/bin/flanneld --public-ip=192.168.26.31 --etcd-endpoints=https://192.168.26.31:2379,https://192.168.26.32:2379,https://192.168.26.33:......

k8s-31 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope hostvalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:2b:81:d1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 192.168.26.31/24 brd 192.168.26.255 scope global noprefixroute ens32valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe2b:81d1/64 scope linkvalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group defaultlink/ether 02:42:7b:83:16:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 10.26.31.1/24 brd 10.26.31.255 scope global docker0valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

采用host-gw方式，没有增加flannel网卡。如果采用vxlan方式，就会增加flannel网卡。

k8s-31：增加了到192.168.26.32、192.168.26.33的docker容器的路由

k8s-31 ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.26.2    0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens32
10.26.31.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 docker0
10.26.32.0      192.168.26.32   255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens32
10.26.33.0      192.168.26.33   255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens32
192.168.26.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens32

k8s-32：增加了到192.168.26.31、192.168.26.33的docker容器的路由

k8s-32 ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.26.2    0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens32
10.26.31.0      192.168.26.31   255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens32
10.26.32.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 docker0
10.26.33.0      192.168.26.33   255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens32
192.168.26.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens32

k8s-33

k8s-33 ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.26.2    0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens32
10.26.31.0      192.168.26.31   255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens32
10.26.32.0      192.168.26.32   255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens32
10.26.33.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 docker0
192.168.26.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens32

6.8、测试验证容器互访、容器与主机互访

在k8s-31、k8s-32、k8s-33启动容器：

31 ~]# docker run -i -t --name test31 centos /bin/bash
[root@330e9de087a0 /]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: eth0@if5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group defaultlink/ether 02:42:0a:1a:1f:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0inet 10.26.31.2/24 brd 10.26.31.255 scope global eth0valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever32 ~]# docker run -i -t --name test32 centos /bin/bash
[root@971ef9eb40a4 /]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: eth0@if5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group defaultlink/ether 02:42:0a:1a:20:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0inet 10.26.32.2/24 brd 10.26.32.255 scope global eth0valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever33 ~]# docker run -i -t --name test33 centos /bin/bash
[root@605466b3efa9 /]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
6: eth0@if7: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group defaultlink/ether 02:42:0a:1a:21:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0inet 10.26.33.2/24 brd 10.26.33.255 scope global eth0valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

6.8.1 跨主机之间的容器访问（容器 > 容器）：从k8s-31容器访问另一主机上的容器

## ping k8s-32上的容器10.26.32.2
[root@330e9de087a0 /]# ping 10.26.32.2 -c 3
PING 10.26.32.2 (10.26.32.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.26.32.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=0.390 ms
64 bytes from 10.26.32.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=0.514 ms
64 bytes from 10.26.32.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=62 time=0.249 ms--- 10.26.32.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.249/0.384/0.514/0.109 ms## ping k8s-33上的容器10.26.33.2
[root@330e9de087a0 /]# ping 10.26.33.2 -c 3
PING 10.26.33.2 (10.26.33.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.26.33.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=0.291 ms
64 bytes from 10.26.33.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=0.541 ms
64 bytes from 10.26.33.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=62 time=0.592 ms--- 10.26.33.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.291/0.474/0.592/0.133 ms

6.8.2 跨容器主机之间的访问（容器 > 主机）：从k8s-31容器访问所有主机

[root@330e9de087a0 /]# ping 192.168.26.31 -c 3
PING 192.168.26.31 (192.168.26.31) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.26.31: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.036 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.26.31: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.26.31: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.035 ms--- 192.168.26.31 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.034/0.035/0.036/0.000 ms[root@330e9de087a0 /]# ping 192.168.26.32 -c 3
PING 192.168.26.32 (192.168.26.32) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.26.32: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.345 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.26.32: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.630 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.26.32: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.524 ms--- 192.168.26.32 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.345/0.499/0.630/0.120 ms[root@330e9de087a0 /]# ping 192.168.26.33 -c 3
PING 192.168.26.33 (192.168.26.33) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.26.33: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.337 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.26.33: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.649 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.26.33: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.505 ms--- 192.168.26.33 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.337/0.497/0.649/0.127 ms

6.8.3 跨主机容器之间的访问（主机 > 容器）：从k8s-31主机访问所有主机上的容器

k8s-31 ~]# ping 10.26.31.2 -c 3
PING 10.26.31.2 (10.26.31.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.26.31.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms
64 bytes from 10.26.31.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.031 ms
64 bytes from 10.26.31.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.027 ms--- 10.26.31.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.027/0.030/0.034/0.007 msk8s-31 ~]# ping 10.26.32.2 -c 3
PING 10.26.32.2 (10.26.32.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.26.32.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.285 ms
64 bytes from 10.26.32.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.643 ms
64 bytes from 10.26.32.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.528 ms--- 10.26.32.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.285/0.485/0.643/0.150 msk8s-31 ~]# ping 10.26.33.2 -c 3
PING 10.26.33.2 (10.26.33.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.26.33.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.457 ms
64 bytes from 10.26.33.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.522 ms
64 bytes from 10.26.33.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.513 ms--- 10.26.33.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.457/0.497/0.522/0.034 ms

6.8.4 从容器访问百度(具备外网访问时测试)

[root@330e9de087a0 /]# ping www.baidu.com -c 3
PING www.a.shifen.com (183.2.172.185) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from www.baidu.com (183.2.172.185): icmp_seq=1 ttl=127 time=9.85 ms
64 bytes from www.baidu.com (183.2.172.185): icmp_seq=2 ttl=127 time=8.76 ms
64 bytes from www.baidu.com (183.2.172.185): icmp_seq=3 ttl=127 time=9.81 ms--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2003ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 8.758/9.472/9.849/0.517 ms

6.8.5 k8s-32、k8s-33上的测试

步骤同上。

七、k8s核心组件

7.1 准备

 ## 方法一：解压软件包中指定的软件，并将运行软件放到/opt/bin目录
k8s-31 app]# tar -xf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz  --strip-components=3 -C /opt/bin kubernetes/server/bin/kube{let,ctl,-apiserver,-controller-manager,-scheduler,-proxy}
k8s-31 app]# ls/opt/bin/kube*
kube-apiserver	kube-controller-manager	kubectl	kubelet	kube-proxy	kube-scheduler## 解压全部
k8s-31 app]# tar -zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
k8s-31 app]# mv kubernetes /opt/bin/kubernetes-v1.29.2
k8s-31 app]# rm -rf /opt/bin/kubernetes-v1.29.2/{addons,kubernetes-src.tar.gz,LICENSES}
k8s-31 app]# ll /opt/bin/kubernetes-v1.29.2
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 17 1月  18 00:09 server
k8s-31 app]# rm -rf /opt/bin/kubernetes-v1.29.2/server/bin/*.tar
k8s-31 app]# rm -rf /opt/bin/kubernetes-v1.29.2/server/bin/*_tag
k8s-31 app]# ll /opt/bin/kubernetes-v1.29.2/server/bin/
总用量 717160
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  61333504 2月  14 18:57 apiextensions-apiserver
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  48246784 2月  14 18:57 kubeadm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  58761216 2月  14 18:57 kube-aggregator
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 123719680 2月  14 18:57 kube-apiserver
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 118349824 2月  14 18:57 kube-controller-manager
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  49704960 2月  14 18:57 kubectl
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  48087040 2月  14 18:57 kubectl-convert
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 111812608 2月  14 18:57 kubelet
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   1613824 2月  14 18:57 kube-log-runner
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  55263232 2月  14 18:57 kube-proxy
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  55943168 2月  14 18:57 kube-scheduler
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   1536000 2月  14 18:57 mounterk8s-31 app]# ln -s /opt/bin/kubernetes-v1.29.2/server/bin /opt/bin/kubernetes
k8s-31 app]# ln -s /opt/bin/kubernetes-v1.29.2/server/bin/kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl
k8s-31 app]# /opt/bin/kubernetes/kubelet --version
Kubernetes v1.29.2## 复制软件到其他节点，并创建软链接
]# scp -r /opt/bin/kubernetes-v1.29.2/ root@k8s-32:/opt/bin/
]# scp -r /opt/bin/kubernetes-v1.29.2/ root@k8s-33:/opt/bin/
## 创建软链接同上

7.2 Nginx高可用方案

使用 nginx方案，kube-apiserver中的配置为： --server=https://127.0.0.1:8443

安装开发工具包（参考附件），编译安装nginx

## 在一台有开发环境的主机上进行编译安装，然后复制到集群节点
app]# tar xvf nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
app]# cd nginx-1.24.0
nginx-1.24.0]# ./configure --with-stream --without-http --without-http_uwsgi_module --without-http_scgi_module --without-http_fastcgi_module
......
nginx-1.24.0]# make && make install
......
nginx-1.24.0]# ls -l /usr/local/nginx
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 333 2月  15 09:08 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  40 2月  15 09:08 html
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   6 2月  15 09:08 logs
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  19 2月  15 09:08 sbin

nginx配置文件/usr/local/nginx/conf/kube-nginx.con

 # 写入nginx配置文件
cat > /usr/local/nginx/conf/kube-nginx.conf <<EOF
worker_processes 1;
events {worker_connections  1024;
}
stream {upstream backend {least_conn;hash $remote_addr consistent;server 192.168.26.31:6443        max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;server 192.168.26.32:6443        max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;server 192.168.26.33:6443        max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;}server {listen 127.0.0.1:8443;proxy_connect_timeout 1s;proxy_pass backend;}
}
EOF

复制到集群节点

## 复制到集群节点
nginx-1.24.0]# scp -r /usr/local/nginx root@k8s-32:/usr/local/nginx/
nginx-1.24.0]# scp -r /usr/local/nginx root@k8s-33:/usr/local/nginx/

启动配置文件/etc/systemd/system/kube-nginx.service

# 写入启动配置文件
cat > /etc/systemd/system/kube-nginx.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=kube-apiserver nginx proxy
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/kube-nginx.conf -p /usr/local/nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/kube-nginx.conf -p /usr/local/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/kube-nginx.conf -p /usr/local/nginx -s reload
PrivateTmp=true
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
StartLimitInterval=0
LimitNOFILE=65536[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

设置开机自启并检查启动是否成功

 # 设置开机自启]# systemctl enable --now  kube-nginx]# systemctl restart kube-nginx]# systemctl status kube-nginx● kube-nginx.service - kube-apiserver nginx proxyLoaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/kube-nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since 四 2024-02-15 09:12:08 CST; 22s agoProcess: 80627 ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/kube-nginx.conf -p /usr/local/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Process: 80625 ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/kube-nginx.conf -p /usr/local/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 80629 (nginx)Tasks: 2Memory: 804.0KCGroup: /system.slice/kube-nginx.service├─80629 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/kube-nginx.conf -p /usr/local/nginx└─80630 nginx: worker process......

7.3 部署kube-apiserver

k8s-31：/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/bin/kubernetes/kube-apiserver \\--v=2  \\--allow-privileged=true  \\--bind-address=0.0.0.0  \\--secure-port=6443  \\--advertise-address=192.168.26.31 \\--service-cluster-ip-range=10.168.0.0/16  \\--service-node-port-range=30000-39999  \\--etcd-servers=https://192.168.26.31:2379,https://192.168.26.32:2379,https://192.168.26.33:2379 \\--etcd-cafile=/opt/cert/etcd-ca.pem  \\--etcd-certfile=/opt/cert/etcd.pem  \\--etcd-keyfile=/opt/cert/etcd-key.pem  \\--client-ca-file=/opt/cert/ca.pem  \\--tls-cert-file=/opt/cert/apiserver.pem  \\--tls-private-key-file=/opt/cert/apiserver-key.pem  \\--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/cert/apiserver.pem  \\--kubelet-client-key=/opt/cert/apiserver-key.pem  \\--service-account-key-file=/opt/cert/sa.pub  \\--service-account-signing-key-file=/opt/cert/sa.key  \\--service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \\--kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname  \\--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,NodeRestriction,ResourceQuota  \\--authorization-mode=Node,RBAC  \\--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true  \\--requestheader-client-ca-file=/opt/cert/front-proxy-ca.pem  \\--proxy-client-cert-file=/opt/cert/front-proxy-client.pem  \\--proxy-client-key-file=/opt/cert/front-proxy-client-key.pem  \\--requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator  \\--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group  \\--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-  \\--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \\--enable-aggregator-routing=true# --feature-gates=IPv6DualStack=true# --token-auth-file=/opt/cert/token.csvRestart=on-failure
RestartSec=10s
LimitNOFILE=65535[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targetEOF

k8s-32：/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/bin/kubernetes/kube-apiserver \\--v=2  \\--allow-privileged=true  \\--bind-address=0.0.0.0  \\--secure-port=6443  \\--advertise-address=192.168.26.32 \\--service-cluster-ip-range=10.168.0.0/16  \\--service-node-port-range=30000-39999  \\--etcd-servers=https://192.168.26.31:2379,https://192.168.26.32:2379,https://192.168.26.33:2379 \\--etcd-cafile=/opt/cert/etcd-ca.pem  \\--etcd-certfile=/opt/cert/etcd.pem  \\--etcd-keyfile=/opt/cert/etcd-key.pem  \\--client-ca-file=/opt/cert/ca.pem  \\--tls-cert-file=/opt/cert/apiserver.pem  \\--tls-private-key-file=/opt/cert/apiserver-key.pem  \\--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/cert/apiserver.pem  \\--kubelet-client-key=/opt/cert/apiserver-key.pem  \\--service-account-key-file=/opt/cert/sa.pub  \\--service-account-signing-key-file=/opt/cert/sa.key  \\--service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \\--kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname  \\--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,NodeRestriction,ResourceQuota  \\--authorization-mode=Node,RBAC  \\--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true  \\--requestheader-client-ca-file=/opt/cert/front-proxy-ca.pem  \\--proxy-client-cert-file=/opt/cert/front-proxy-client.pem  \\--proxy-client-key-file=/opt/cert/front-proxy-client-key.pem  \\--requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator  \\--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group  \\--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-  \\--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \\--enable-aggregator-routing=true# --feature-gates=IPv6DualStack=true# --token-auth-file=/opt/cert/token.csvRestart=on-failure
RestartSec=10s
LimitNOFILE=65535[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targetEOF

k8s-33：/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/bin/kubernetes/kube-apiserver \\--v=2  \\--allow-privileged=true  \\--bind-address=0.0.0.0  \\--secure-port=6443  \\--advertise-address=192.168.26.33 \\--service-cluster-ip-range=10.168.0.0/16  \\--service-node-port-range=30000-39999  \\--etcd-servers=https://192.168.26.31:2379,https://192.168.26.32:2379,https://192.168.26.33:2379 \\--etcd-cafile=/opt/cert/etcd-ca.pem  \\--etcd-certfile=/opt/cert/etcd.pem  \\--etcd-keyfile=/opt/cert/etcd-key.pem  \\--client-ca-file=/opt/cert/ca.pem  \\--tls-cert-file=/opt/cert/apiserver.pem  \\--tls-private-key-file=/opt/cert/apiserver-key.pem  \\--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/cert/apiserver.pem  \\--kubelet-client-key=/opt/cert/apiserver-key.pem  \\--service-account-key-file=/opt/cert/sa.pub  \\--service-account-signing-key-file=/opt/cert/sa.key  \\--service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \\--kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname  \\--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,NodeRestriction,ResourceQuota  \\--authorization-mode=Node,RBAC  \\--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true  \\--requestheader-client-ca-file=/opt/cert/front-proxy-ca.pem  \\--proxy-client-cert-file=/opt/cert/front-proxy-client.pem  \\--proxy-client-key-file=/opt/cert/front-proxy-client-key.pem  \\--requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator  \\--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group  \\--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-  \\--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \\--enable-aggregator-routing=true# --feature-gates=IPv6DualStack=true# --token-auth-file=/opt/cert/token.csvRestart=on-failure
RestartSec=10s
LimitNOFILE=65535[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targetEOF

启动apiserver（所有master节点）

]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now kube-apiserver## 注意查看状态是否启动正常
]# systemctl status kube-apiserver
● kube-apiserver.service - Kubernetes API ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since 四 2024-02-15 09:20:18 CST; 18s agoDocs: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetesMain PID: 81286 (kube-apiserver)Tasks: 8Memory: 292.5MCGroup: /system.slice/kube-apiserver.service└─81286 /opt/bin/kubernetes/kube-apiserver --v=2 --allow-privileged=true --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --secure-port=6443 --advertise-address=192.168.2...
......]# curl -k --cacert /opt/cert/ca.pem \
--cert /opt/cert/apiserver.pem \
--key /opt/cert/apiserver-key.pem \
https://192.168.26.31:6443/healthz
ok]# ip_head='192.168.26';for i in 31 32 33;do \
curl -k --cacert /opt/cert/ca.pem \
--cert /opt/cert/apiserver.pem \
--key /opt/cert/apiserver-key.pem \
https://${ip_head}.${i}:6443/healthz; \
done
okokok

7.4 kubectl配置

创建admin.kubeconfig。使用 nginx方案，-server=https://127.0.0.1:8443。在一个节点执行一次即可

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes     \--certificate-authority=/opt/cert/ca.pem     \--embed-certs=true     \--server=https://127.0.0.1:8443     \--kubeconfig=/opt/cert/admin.kubeconfigkubectl config set-credentials kubernetes-admin  \--client-certificate=/opt/cert/admin.pem     \--client-key=/opt/cert/admin-key.pem     \--embed-certs=true     \--kubeconfig=/opt/cert/admin.kubeconfigkubectl config set-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes    \--cluster=kubernetes     \--user=kubernetes-admin     \--kubeconfig=/opt/cert/admin.kubeconfigkubectl config use-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes  --kubeconfig=/opt/cert/admin.kubeconfig]# mkdir ~/.kube
]# cp /opt/cert/admin.kubeconfig ~/.kube/config
]# scp -r ~/.kube root@k8s-32:~/.
]# scp -r ~/.kube root@k8s-33:~/.

配置kubectl子命令补全

~]# echo 'source <(kubectl completion bash)' >> ~/.bashrc~]# yum -y install bash-completion
~]# source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
~]# source <(kubectl completion bash)~]# kubectl get componentstatuses
Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
NAME                 STATUS      MESSAGE                                                                                        ERROR
scheduler            Unhealthy   Get "https://127.0.0.1:10259/healthz": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10259: connect: connection refused
controller-manager   Unhealthy   Get "https://127.0.0.1:10257/healthz": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10257: connect: connection refused
etcd-0               Healthy     ok

7.5 部署kube-controller-manager

所有master节点配置，且配置相同。 10.26.0.0/16为pod网段，按需求设置你自己的网段。

创建启动配置：/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/bin/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager \\--v=2 \\--bind-address=0.0.0.0 \\--root-ca-file=/opt/cert/ca.pem \\--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/cert/ca.pem \\--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/cert/ca-key.pem \\--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/cert/sa.key \\--kubeconfig=/opt/cert/controller-manager.kubeconfig \\--leader-elect=true \\--use-service-account-credentials=true \\--node-monitor-grace-period=40s \\--node-monitor-period=5s \\--controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \\--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\--service-cluster-ip-range=10.168.0.0/16 \\--cluster-cidr=10.26.0.0/16 \\--node-cidr-mask-size-ipv4=24 \\--requestheader-client-ca-file=/opt/cert/front-proxy-ca.pem Restart=always
RestartSec=10s[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targetEOF

创建kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig。使用 nginx方案，-server=https://127.0.0.1:8443。在一个节点执行一次即可。

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \--certificate-authority=/opt/cert/ca.pem \--embed-certs=true \--server=https://127.0.0.1:8443 \--kubeconfig=/opt/cert/controller-manager.kubeconfig
## 设置一个环境项，一个上下文
kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager@kubernetes \--cluster=kubernetes \--user=system:kube-controller-manager \--kubeconfig=/opt/cert/controller-manager.kubeconfig
## 设置一个用户项
kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager \--client-certificate=/opt/cert/controller-manager.pem \--client-key=/opt/cert/controller-manager-key.pem \--embed-certs=true \--kubeconfig=/opt/cert/controller-manager.kubeconfig
## 设置默认环境
kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager@kubernetes \--kubeconfig=/opt/cert/controller-manager.kubeconfig## 复制/opt/cert/controller-manager.kubeconfig到其它节点     
]# scp /opt/cert/controller-manager.kubeconfig root@k8s-32:/opt/cert/controller-manager.kubeconfig
]# scp /opt/cert/controller-manager.kubeconfig root@k8s-33:/opt/cert/controller-manager.kubeconfig

启动kube-controller-manager，并查看状态

]# systemctl daemon-reload
]# systemctl enable --now kube-controller-manager
]# systemctl  status kube-controller-manager
● kube-controller-manager.service - Kubernetes Controller ManagerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since 四 2024-02-15 09:30:49 CST; 21s agoDocs: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetesMain PID: 82205 (kube-controller)Tasks: 5Memory: 138.1MCGroup: /system.slice/kube-controller-manager.service└─82205 /opt/bin/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager --v=2 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --root-ca-file=/opt/cert/ca.pem --cluster-signing-cert-file=/op...
.......
]# kubectl get componentstatuses
Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
NAME                 STATUS      MESSAGE                                                                                        ERROR
scheduler            Unhealthy   Get "https://127.0.0.1:10259/healthz": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10259: connect: connection refused
controller-manager   Healthy     ok
etcd-0               Healthy     ok

7.6 部署kube-schedule

创建启动配置：/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/bin/kubernetes/kube-scheduler \\--v=2 \\--bind-address=0.0.0.0 \\--leader-elect=true \\--kubeconfig=/opt/cert/scheduler.kubeconfigRestart=always
RestartSec=10s[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targetEOF

创建scheduler.kubeconfig。使用 nginx方案，-server=https://127.0.0.1:8443。在一个节点执行一次即可。

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \--certificate-authority=/opt/cert/ca.pem \--embed-certs=true \--server=https://127.0.0.1:8443 \--kubeconfig=/opt/cert/scheduler.kubeconfigkubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler \--client-certificate=/opt/cert/scheduler.pem \--client-key=/opt/cert/scheduler-key.pem \--embed-certs=true \--kubeconfig=/opt/cert/scheduler.kubeconfigkubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler@kubernetes \--cluster=kubernetes \--user=system:kube-scheduler \--kubeconfig=/opt/cert/scheduler.kubeconfigkubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler@kubernetes \--kubeconfig=/opt/cert/scheduler.kubeconfig## 复制/opt/cert/scheduler.kubeconfig到其它节点
]# scp /opt/cert/scheduler.kubeconfig  root@k8s-32:/opt/cert/scheduler.kubeconfig
]# scp /opt/cert/scheduler.kubeconfig  root@k8s-33:/opt/cert/scheduler.kubeconfig

启动并查看服务状态

]# systemctl daemon-reload
]# systemctl enable --now kube-scheduler
]# systemctl status kube-scheduler
● kube-scheduler.service - Kubernetes SchedulerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since 四 2024-02-15 09:34:40 CST; 21s agoDocs: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetesMain PID: 82568 (kube-scheduler)Tasks: 7Memory: 66.1MCGroup: /system.slice/kube-scheduler.service└─82568 /opt/bin/kubernetes/kube-scheduler --v=2 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --leader-elect=true --kubeconfig=/opt/cert/scheduler.kubeconfig
......
]# kubectl get componentstatuses
Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE   ERROR
scheduler            Healthy   ok
controller-manager   Healthy   ok
etcd-0               Healthy   ok

7.7 配置bootstrapping

创建bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig。使用 nginx方案，-server=https://127.0.0.1:8443。在一个节点执行一次即可。

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes     \
--certificate-authority=/opt/cert/ca.pem     \
--embed-certs=true     --server=https://127.0.0.1:8443     \
--kubeconfig=/opt/cert/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfigkubectl config set-credentials tls-bootstrap-token-user     \
--token=bc5692.ebcfbe81d917383c \
--kubeconfig=/opt/cert/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfigkubectl config set-context tls-bootstrap-token-user@kubernetes     \
--cluster=kubernetes     \
--user=tls-bootstrap-token-user     \
--kubeconfig=/opt/cert/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfigkubectl config use-context tls-bootstrap-token-user@kubernetes     \
--kubeconfig=/opt/cert/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig## 复制/opt/cert/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig到其它节点
]# scp /opt/cert/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig root@k8s-32:/opt/cert/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig
]# scp /opt/cert/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig root@k8s-33:/opt/cert/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig

token的位置在bootstrap.secret.yaml（附：yaml文件：bootstrap.secret.yaml），如果修改的话到这个文件修改。

## 创建token。（也可以自已定义）
~]# head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
bc5692ebcfbe81d917383c89e60d4388

bootstrap.secret.yaml

## 修改：
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:name: bootstrap-token-bc5692 ##修改，对应token前6位namespace: kube-system
type: bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token
stringData:description: "The default bootstrap token generated by 'kubelet '."token-id: bc5692 ##修改，对应token前6位token-secret: ebcfbe81d917383c ##修改，对应token前7-22位共16个字符...
yaml]# kubectl create -f bootstrap.secret.yaml
secret/bootstrap-token-bc5692 created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubelet-bootstrap created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/node-autoapprove-bootstrap created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/node-autoapprove-certificate-rotation created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:kube-apiserver created

7.8 部署kubelet

~]# mkdir /data/kubernetes/kubelet -p

启动文件/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service。默认使用docker作为Runtime。

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=cri-dockerd.service
Requires=cri-dockerd.service[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/data/kubernetes/kubelet
ExecStart=/opt/bin/kubernetes/kubelet \\--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/cert/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig \\--cert-dir=/opt/cert \\--kubeconfig=/opt/cert/kubelet.kubeconfig \\--config=/opt/cfg/kubelet.json \\--container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock \\--pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9 \\--root-dir=/data/kubernetes/kubelet \\--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

/opt/cert/kubelet.kubeconfig为自动创建的文件，如果已存在就删除

所有k8s节点创建kubelet的配置文件/opt/cfg/kubelet.json

cat > /opt/cfg/kubelet.json << EOF
{"kind": "KubeletConfiguration","apiVersion": "kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1","authentication": {"x509": {"clientCAFile": "/opt/cert/ca.pem"},"webhook": {"enabled": true,"cacheTTL": "2m0s"},"anonymous": {"enabled": false}},"authorization": {"mode": "Webhook","webhook": {"cacheAuthorizedTTL": "5m0s","cacheUnauthorizedTTL": "30s"}},"address": "192.168.26.31","port": 10250,"readOnlyPort": 10255,"cgroupDriver": "systemd",                    "hairpinMode": "promiscuous-bridge","serializeImagePulls": false,"clusterDomain": "cluster.local.","clusterDNS": ["10.168.0.2"]
}
EOF

注意修改：“address”: “192.168.26.31”；“address”: “192.168.26.32”； “address”: “192.168.26.33”

启动

~]# systemctl daemon-reload
~]# systemctl enable --now kubelet
~]# systemctl status kubelet
● kubelet.service - Kubernetes KubeletLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since 四 2024-02-15 09:46:38 CST; 19s agoDocs: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetesMain PID: 83546 (kubelet)Tasks: 11Memory: 124.0MCGroup: /system.slice/kubelet.service└─83546 /opt/bin/kubernetes/kubelet --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/cert/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig --cert-dir=/opt/cert --kubeconfig=/opt/cert/ku...
......
~]# kubectl get nodes -o wide
NAME     STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION   INTERNAL-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   OS-IMAGE                KERNEL-VERSION                CONTAINER-RUNTIME
k8s-31   NotReady   <none>   52s   v1.29.2   192.168.26.31   <none>        CentOS Linux 7 (Core)   3.10.0-1160.90.1.el7.x86_64   docker://25.0.3
k8s-32   NotReady   <none>   52s   v1.29.2   192.168.26.32   <none>        CentOS Linux 7 (Core)   3.10.0-1160.90.1.el7.x86_64   docker://25.0.3
k8s-33   NotReady   <none>   52s   v1.29.2   192.168.26.33   <none>        CentOS Linux 7 (Core)   3.10.0-1160.90.1.el7.x86_64   docker://25.0.3

## 查看kubelet证书请求
~]# kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE   SIGNERNAME                                    REQUESTOR                 REQUESTEDDURATION   CONDITION
node-csr--Th1ZdIPpxMBn72aH0crbKqOnc35Aj-0Is2LnfncahQ   90s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   system:bootstrap:bc5692   <none>              Approved,Issued
node-csr-N4scOMBFuHOnA4qCPwOVdkeGTr4JI0EY1EbcSXPVdMw   90s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   system:bootstrap:bc5692   <none>              Approved,Issued
node-csr-wIRG2OUYOLGsYC4kY65y0bJ9cjyxF9LgMQba0mil_-A   90s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   system:bootstrap:bc5692   <none>              Approved,Issued## 如果处于Pending状态，则批准申请
~]# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-......

如果node仍然是NotReady，则需要安装cni-plugin-flannel。（参见后面的核心插件部署）

~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME     STATUS     ROLES    AGE     VERSION
k8s-31   NotReady   <none>   3m21s   v1.29.2
k8s-32   NotReady   <none>   3m21s   v1.29.2
k8s-33   NotReady   <none>   3m21s   v1.29.2

7.9 部署kube-proxy

创建kube-proxy.kubeconfig。使用 nginx方案，-server=https://127.0.0.1:8443。在一个节点执行一次即可。

]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes     \--certificate-authority=/opt/cert/ca.pem     \--embed-certs=true     \--server=https://127.0.0.1:8443     \--kubeconfig=/opt/cert/kube-proxy.kubeconfig]# kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy  \--client-certificate=/opt/cert/kube-proxy.pem     \--client-key=/opt/cert/kube-proxy-key.pem     \--embed-certs=true     \--kubeconfig=/opt/cert/kube-proxy.kubeconfig]# kubectl config set-context kube-proxy@kubernetes    \--cluster=kubernetes     \--user=kube-proxy     \--kubeconfig=/opt/cert/kube-proxy.kubeconfig]# kubectl config use-context kube-proxy@kubernetes  --kubeconfig=/opt/cert/kube-proxy.kubeconfig## 复制/opt/cert/kube-proxy.kubeconfig到各节点
]# scp  /opt/cert/kube-proxy.kubeconfig root@k8s-32:/opt/cert/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
]# scp  /opt/cert/kube-proxy.kubeconfig root@k8s-33:/opt/cert/kube-proxy.kubeconfig

所有k8s节点添加kube-proxy的service文件

cat >  /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube Proxy
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/bin/kubernetes/kube-proxy \\--config=/opt/cfg/kube-proxy.yaml \\--v=2Restart=always
RestartSec=10s[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targetEOF

所有k8s节点添加kube-proxy的配置

cat > /opt/cfg/kube-proxy.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
clientConnection:acceptContentTypes: ""burst: 10contentType: application/vnd.kubernetes.protobufkubeconfig: /opt/cert/kube-proxy.kubeconfigqps: 5
clusterCIDR: 10.26.0.0/16
configSyncPeriod: 15m0s
conntrack:max: nullmaxPerCore: 32768min: 131072tcpCloseWaitTimeout: 1h0m0stcpEstablishedTimeout: 24h0m0s
enableProfiling: false
healthzBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10256
hostnameOverride: ""
iptables:masqueradeAll: falsemasqueradeBit: 14minSyncPeriod: 0ssyncPeriod: 30s
ipvs:masqueradeAll: trueminSyncPeriod: 5sscheduler: "rr"syncPeriod: 30s
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
metricsBindAddress: 127.0.0.1:10249
mode: "ipvs"
nodePortAddresses: null
oomScoreAdj: -999
portRange: ""
udpIdleTimeout: 250msEOF

启动

]# systemctl daemon-reload
]# systemctl enable --now kube-proxy
]# systemctl status kube-proxy
● kube-proxy.service - Kubernetes Kube ProxyLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since 四 2024-02-15 09:53:08 CST; 16s agoDocs: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetesMain PID: 84254 (kube-proxy)Tasks: 5Memory: 63.6MCGroup: /system.slice/kube-proxy.service└─84254 /opt/bin/kubernetes/kube-proxy --config=/opt/cfg/kube-proxy.yaml --v=2
......

八、k8s核心插件

8.1 部署CNI网络插件装

官方链接

https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins

下载：cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.4.0.tgz：https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v1.4.0/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.4.0.tgz

https://github.com/flannel-io/cni-plugin

下载：cni-plugin-flannel-linux-amd64-v1.4.0-flannel1.tgz：https://github.com/flannel-io/cni-plugin/releases/download/v1.4.0-flannel1/cni-plugin-flannel-linux-amd64-v1.4.0-flannel1.tgz

下载、解压、分发

## 在所有节点创建目录
]# mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
]# cd /opt/cni/bin## 下载
k8s-31 app]# curl -O -L https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v1.4.0/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.4.0.tgz
k8s-31 app]# curl -O -L https://github.com/flannel-io/cni-plugin/releases/download/v1.4.0-flannel1/cni-plugin-flannel-linux-amd64-v1.4.0-flannel1.tgz## 解压
k8s-31 app]# tar -C /opt/cni/bin -xzf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.4.0.tgz
k8s-31 app]# tar -C /opt/cni/bin -xzf cni-plugin-flannel-linux-amd64-v1.4.0-flannel1.tgz
k8s-31 app]# mv /opt/cni/bin/flannel-amd64 /opt/cni/bin/flannel
k8s-31 app]# ls -l /opt/cni/bin
总用量 81320
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  4109351 12月  5 00:38 bandwidth
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  4652757 12月  5 00:39 bridge
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11050013 12月  5 00:39 dhcp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  4297556 12月  5 00:39 dummy
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  4736299 12月  5 00:39 firewall
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  2414517 1月  19 01:12 flannel
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  4191837 12月  5 00:39 host-device
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  3549866 12月  5 00:39 host-local
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  4315686 12月  5 00:39 ipvlan
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  3636792 12月  5 00:39 loopback
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  4349395 12月  5 00:39 macvlan
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  4085020 12月  5 00:39 portmap
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  4470977 12月  5 00:39 ptp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  3851218 12月  5 00:39 sbr
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  3110828 12月  5 00:39 static
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  4371897 12月  5 00:39 tap
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  3726382 12月  5 00:39 tuning
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  4310173 12月  5 00:39 vlan
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  4001842 12月  5 00:39 vrf## 分发
]# scp -r /opt/cni/bin root@k8s-32:/opt/cni/.
]# scp -r /opt/cni/bin root@k8s-33:/opt/cni/.

创建/etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist

~]# mkdir /etc/cni/net.d -p
~]# vi /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist

{"name": "cbr0","cniVersion": "0.3.1","plugins": [{"type": "flannel","delegate": {"hairpinMode": true,"isDefaultGateway": true}},{"type": "portmap","capabilities": {"portMappings": true}}]
}

查看节点状态

~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME     STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-31   Ready    <none>   28m   v1.29.2
k8s-32   Ready    <none>   28m   v1.29.2
k8s-33   Ready    <none>   28m   v1.29.2

8.2 部署服务发现插件CoreDNS

下载：

https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.29.2/cluster/addons/dns/coredns/coredns.yaml.base

在这里插入图片描述

复制、修改：

 k8s-31 app]# cp coredns.yaml.base coredns.yaml## 修改以下内容：__DNS__DOMAIN__  改为：  cluster.local__DNS__MEMORY__LIMIT__ 改为： 150Mi__DNS__SERVER__ 改为： 10.168.0.2image: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.11.1imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

拉取镜像，执行：

]# docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.11.1k8s-31 app]# kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml
serviceaccount/coredns created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns created
configmap/coredns created
deployment.apps/coredns created
service/kube-dns created]# kubectl get pod -A -o wide
NAMESPACE     NAME                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
kube-system   coredns-7d894786c9-8wvc7   0/1     Running   0          41s   10.26.31.2   k8s-31   <none>           <none>

READY状态不正常处理

~]# kubectl -n kube-system describe pod coredns-7d894786c9-8wvc7
## 出现以下信息
...Warning  Unhealthy  25s (x5 over 65s)    kubelet            Liveness probe failed: Get "http://10.26.31.2:8080/health": dial tcp 10.26.31.2:8080: connect: no route to hostNormal   Killing    25s                  kubelet            Container coredns failed liveness probe, will be restartedWarning  Unhealthy  24s (x15 over 2m6s)  kubelet            Readiness probe failed: Get "http://10.26.31.2:8181/ready": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
...
## 在k8s-31上ping 10.26.31.2，发现主机k8s-31上ping不通自己主机上的pod
## 查看路由，发现10.26.31.0有两条路由
k8s-53 ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.26.2    0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens32
10.26.31.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 docker0
10.26.31.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 cni0
10.26.32.0      192.168.26.32   255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens32
10.26.33.0      192.168.26.33   255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens32
192.168.26.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens32
## 删除一条路由
k8s-31 ~]# route del -net 10.26.31.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 0.0.0.0
## 等一会查看pod状态，正常
]# kubectl get pod -A -owide
NAMESPACE     NAME                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS       AGE     IP           NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
kube-system   coredns-7d894786c9-8wvc7   1/1     Running   3 (106s ago)   7m15s   10.26.31.2   k8s-31   <none>           <none>

8.3 部署资源监控插件Metrics-server

Kubernetes中系统资源的采集均使用Metrics-server，通过Metrics采集节点和Pod的内存、磁盘、CPU和网络的使用率。

下载：https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/

https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/releases/download/v0.7.0/components.yaml

在这里插入图片描述

版本适配查看：https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/#readme
修改配置：

yaml]# vi components.yaml
# 1- --cert-dir=/tmp- --secure-port=10250- --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname- --kubelet-use-node-status-port- --metric-resolution=15s- --kubelet-insecure-tls- --requestheader-client-ca-file=/opt/cert/front-proxy-ca.pem- --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group- --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-
# 2volumeMounts:- mountPath: /tmpname: tmp-dir- name: ca-sslmountPath: /opt/cert
# 3volumes:- emptyDir: {}name: tmp-dir- name: ca-sslhostPath:path: /opt/cert
# 4 修改为image镜像
image: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/metrics-server:v0.7.0

拉取镜像、执行、排错、验证

]# docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/metrics-server:v0.7.0
k8s-31 app]# kubectl apply -f components.yaml
serviceaccount/metrics-server created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:aggregated-metrics-reader created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:metrics-server created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/metrics-server-auth-reader created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/metrics-server:system:auth-delegator created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:metrics-server created
service/metrics-server created
deployment.apps/metrics-server created
apiservice.apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io created]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system | grep metrics
metrics-server-57cb657684-x2xgc   0/1     Running            0             27s
## READY状态不正常，参考之前CoreDNS的错误处理
k8s-32 ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.26.2    0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens32
10.26.31.0      192.168.26.31   255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens32
10.26.32.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 docker0
10.26.32.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 cni0
10.26.33.0      192.168.26.33   255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens32
192.168.26.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens32
k8s-33 ~]# route del -net 10.26.32.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 0.0.0.0
]# kubectl get pod -owide -n kube-system
NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS      AGE   IP           NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
coredns-7d894786c9-8wvc7          1/1     Running   3 (38m ago)   44m   10.26.31.2   k8s-31   <none>           <none>
metrics-server-57cb657684-x2xgc   1/1     Running   0             41s   10.26.32.4   k8s-32   <none>           <none>]# kubectl top node
NAME     CPU(cores)   CPU%   MEMORY(bytes)   MEMORY%
k8s-31   108m         5%     1236Mi          33%
k8s-32   87m          4%     808Mi           22%
k8s-33   89m          4%     766Mi           20%
]# kubectl top pod -n kube-system
NAME                              CPU(cores)   MEMORY(bytes)
coredns-7d894786c9-8wvc7          2m           12Mi
metrics-server-57cb657684-x2xgc   4m           23Mi

8.4 部署dashboard

下载：https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard

https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/blob/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
在这里插入图片描述

修改：]# vi recommended.yaml

...image: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/dashboard:v2.7.0# image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.7.0imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent #修改
...image: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8# image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent #修改
...
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:type: NodePort   #新增ports:- port: 443targetPort: 8443nodePort: 32401   #新增selector:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
...

执行

k8s-31 app]# kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created]# kubectl get pods,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
]# kubectl get pods,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                                            READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/dashboard-metrics-scraper-d699cf668-wzwpj   1/1     Running   0          47s
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-8f5b8cb84-spvp5        1/1     Running   0          47sNAME                                TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.168.50.58    <none>        8000/TCP        47s
service/kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    10.168.172.34   <none>        443:32401/TCP   47s

创建admin-user：]# vi dashboard-adminuser.yaml

https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/blob/master/docs/user/access-control/creating-sample-user.md

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:name: admin-usernamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:name: admin-user
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: ClusterRolename: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccountname: admin-usernamespace: kubernetes-dashboard

]# kubectl apply -f dashboard-adminuser.yaml
serviceaccount/admin-user created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/admin-user created
## 创建登录token
]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard create token admin-user
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IkJyOGxSNDdybmJDZm1tbC1LeWMzYzBQUmRBbkI3ZHlvTUQtZWNVeGdIX1EifQ.eyJhdWQiOlsiaHR0cHM6Ly9rdWJlcm5ldGVzLmRlZmF1bHQuc3ZjLmNsdXN0ZXIubG9jYWwiXSwiZXhwIjoxNzA3OTcyNjYxLCJpYXQiOjE3MDc5NjkwNjEsImlzcyI6Imh0dHBzOi8va3ViZXJuZXRlcy5kZWZhdWx0LnN2Yy5jbHVzdGVyLmxvY2FsIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pbyI6eyJuYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLWRhc2hib2FyZCIsInNlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Ijp7Im5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbi11c2VyIiwidWlkIjoiNzQ0YTM4OTYtNzk3Yi00MTRlLTlhMzEtZDdkYjZkMmNmYTgwIn19LCJuYmYiOjE3MDc5NjkwNjEsInN1YiI6InN5c3RlbTpzZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudDprdWJlcm5ldGVzLWRhc2hib2FyZDphZG1pbi11c2VyIn0.XfXHDfC_9sbW1eF__4UBR7h5cnofj4q45qohZTdVEUaQx9HnOjUk6G_hzpgGK1HvnuYkVfae9yClhoMlhk1Ifb3IVkDIWVmCL0aWIuVg91PyaQoZzWRk8k4Gch_hYfaoR3jRzerBMsYFoHPI2zDmZfIFJsAoNoGfpld5EvHYd21J0xSShHk5GRyi0Fa32A3WuvCWbcDArcj_ty0rxt6bEugC_WJlqvHaLTTZdvxfL8nAbNOAeuoGaub6QOwbogpnvxCSD3A2QgSg0L_hhBZCbY5ojrdEhFAzVgA3Dv94rkL97hASKKFqJf3UUy4n9Iun-D1J0e8ugAuDhTHGv-pwug

浏览器访问：https://192.168.26.31:32401

九、集群验证与总结

9.1 部署pod验证

]# vi busybox.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:name: busyboxnamespace: default
spec:containers:- name: busyboximage: docker.io/library/busybox:1.28imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresentcommand:- sleep- "3600"imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresentrestartPolicy: Always

]# kubectl apply -f busybox.yaml
pod/busybox created
]# kubectl  get pod
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
busybox   1/1     Running   0          19s

9.2 部署service验证

cat >  nginx.yaml  << "EOF"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:name: nginx-web
spec:replicas: 2selector:name: nginxtemplate:metadata:labels:name: nginxspec:containers:- name: nginximage: nginx:1.19.6imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresentports:- containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:name: nginx-service-nodeport
spec:ports:- port: 80targetPort: 80nodePort: 30001protocol: TCPtype: NodePortselector:name: nginx
EOF

]# kubectl apply -f nginx.yaml
]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME              READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
busybox           1/1     Running             0          71s   10.26.31.3   k8s-31   <none>           <none>
nginx-web-j67zr   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          10s   <none>       k8s-32   <none>           <none>
nginx-web-w8nqx   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          10s   <none>       k8s-31   <none>           <none>
## 要拉取镜像，需要等一会
]# kubectl get all
NAME                  READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/busybox           1/1     Running   0          97s
pod/nginx-web-j67zr   1/1     Running   0          36s
pod/nginx-web-w8nqx   1/1     Running   0          36sNAME                              DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
replicationcontroller/nginx-web   2         2         2       36sNAME                             TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
service/kubernetes               ClusterIP   10.168.0.1      <none>        443/TCP        158m
service/nginx-service-nodeport   NodePort    10.168.141.94   <none>        80:30001/TCP   36s
]# kubectl get service
NAME                     TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes               ClusterIP   10.168.0.1      <none>        443/TCP        158m
nginx-service-nodeport   NodePort    10.168.141.94   <none>        80:30001/TCP   67s

浏览器访问：http://192.168.26.33:30001/
在这里插入图片描述

9.3 创建3个副本在不同的节点上

cat > nginx-deployment.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: nginx-deploymentlabels:app: nginx
spec:replicas: 3selector:matchLabels:app: nginxtemplate:metadata:labels:app: nginxspec:containers:- name: nginximage: nginximagePullPolicy: IfNotPresentports:- containerPort: 80EOF

]# kubectl  apply -f nginx-deployment.yaml
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created
]# kubectl get pod -owide |grep nginx-deployment
nginx-deployment-64888c994d-4xvh8   1/1     Running   0          41s     10.26.33.7   k8s-33   <none>           <none>
nginx-deployment-64888c994d-pcvkd   1/1     Running   0          41s     10.26.31.5   k8s-31   <none>           <none>
nginx-deployment-64888c994d-vq7bd   1/1     Running   0          41s     10.26.32.6   k8s-32   <none>           <none>
]# kubectl delete -f nginx-deployment.yaml

9.4 用pod解析默认命名空间中的kubernetes

]# kubectl get svc
NAME                     TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes               ClusterIP   10.168.0.1      <none>        443/TCP        161m
nginx-service-nodeport   NodePort    10.168.141.94   <none>        80:30001/TCP   4m23s]# kubectl exec  busybox -n default -- nslookup kubernetes
Server:    10.168.0.2
Address 1: 10.168.0.2 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.localName:      kubernetes
Address 1: 10.168.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local

9.5 测试跨命名空间是否可以解析

]# kubectl exec  busybox -n default -- nslookup kube-dns.kube-system
Server:    10.168.0.2
Address 1: 10.168.0.2 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.localName:      kube-dns.kube-system
Address 1: 10.168.0.2 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

9.6 每个节点都必须要能访问Kubernetes的kubernetes svc 443和kube-dns的service 53

]# kubectl get svc -A
NAMESPACE              NAME                        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
default                kubernetes                  ClusterIP   10.168.0.1      <none>        443/TCP                  163m
default                nginx-service-nodeport      NodePort    10.168.141.94   <none>        80:30001/TCP             6m21s
kube-system            kube-dns                    ClusterIP   10.168.0.2      <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   91m
kube-system            metrics-server              ClusterIP   10.168.59.64    <none>        443/TCP                  47m
kubernetes-dashboard   dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.168.50.58    <none>        8000/TCP                 15m
kubernetes-dashboard   kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    10.168.172.34   <none>        443:32401/TCP            15m~]# telnet 10.168.0.1 443
Trying 10.168.0.1...
Connected to 10.168.0.1.
Escape character is '^]'.~]# telnet 10.168.0.2 53
Trying 10.168.0.2...
Connected to 10.168.0.2.
Escape character is '^]'.~]# curl 10.168.0.1:443
Client sent an HTTP request to an HTTPS server.~]# curl 10.168.0.2:53
curl: (52) Empty reply from server

9.7 Pod和其它主机及Pod之间能通

~]# kubectl get po -owide -A
NAMESPACE              NAME                                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS      AGE     IP           NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
default                busybox                                     1/1     Running   0             10m     10.26.31.3   k8s-31   <none>           <none>
default                nginx-deployment-64888c994d-4xvh8           1/1     Running   0             6m21s   10.26.33.7   k8s-33   <none>           <none>
default                nginx-deployment-64888c994d-pcvkd           1/1     Running   0             6m21s   10.26.31.5   k8s-31   <none>           <none>
default                nginx-deployment-64888c994d-vq7bd           1/1     Running   0             6m21s   10.26.32.6   k8s-32   <none>           <none>
default                nginx-web-j67zr                             1/1     Running   0             9m27s   10.26.32.5   k8s-32   <none>           <none>
default                nginx-web-w8nqx                             1/1     Running   0             9m27s   10.26.31.4   k8s-31   <none>           <none>
kube-system            coredns-7d894786c9-8wvc7                    1/1     Running   3 (88m ago)   94m     10.26.31.2   k8s-31   <none>           <none>
kube-system            metrics-server-57cb657684-x2xgc             1/1     Running   0             50m     10.26.32.4   k8s-32   <none>           <none>
kubernetes-dashboard   dashboard-metrics-scraper-d699cf668-wzwpj   1/1     Running   0             18m     10.26.33.6   k8s-33   <none>           <none>
kubernetes-dashboard   kubernetes-dashboard-8f5b8cb84-spvp5        1/1     Running   0             18m     10.26.33.5   k8s-33   <none>           <none>

进入busybox ping其他节点上的pod。可以连通证明这个pod是可以跨命名空间和跨主机通信的。

]# kubectl exec -ti busybox -- sh
## 主机k8s-31上的pod ping主机k8s-33（POD - 跨主机）
/ # ping 192.168.26.33 -c 3
PING 192.168.26.33 (192.168.26.33): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.26.33: seq=0 ttl=63 time=3.927 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.26.33: seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.532 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.26.33: seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.442 ms--- 192.168.26.33 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.442/1.633/3.927 ms## 主机k8s-31上的pod ping主机k8s-33节点上的pod（跨主机跨命名空间）
/ # ping 10.26.33.5 -c 3
PING 10.26.33.5 (10.26.33.5): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.26.33.5: seq=0 ttl=62 time=0.390 ms
64 bytes from 10.26.33.5: seq=1 ttl=62 time=0.476 ms
64 bytes from 10.26.33.5: seq=2 ttl=62 time=0.687 ms--- 10.26.33.5 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss## 从主机k8s-31节点ping k8s-32上的pod（跨主机 - POD）
k8s-31 app]# ping 10.26.32.5 -c 3
PING 10.26.32.5 (10.26.32.5) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.26.32.5: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.394 ms
64 bytes from 10.26.32.5: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.296 ms
64 bytes from 10.26.32.5: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.464 ms--- 10.26.32.5 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.296/0.384/0.464/0.072 ms

至此，完美完成以二进制方式部署Kubernetes1.29.2 + docker25.0.3高可用集群。
在这里插入图片描述

9.8 总结

此次实验再次验证了上次（CentOS7.9+Kubernetes1.28.3+Docker24.0.6高可用集群二进制部署：https://blog.csdn.net/peng_s_w/article/details/133996322?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502）部署中的问题：

二进制软件部署flannel v0.22.3网络，使用的etcd是版本3，与之前使用版本2不同。查看官方文档进行了解。
以host-gw方式部署flannel网络插件，手动创建/run/flannel/subnet.env文件，可以关联docker配置文件中的bip参数，从而指定pod/容器生成的IP（采用规划的ip网段）。
部署CNI插件，解决node状态成为正常Ready。
需要安装ipvs管理工具及模块，否则kube-proxy会报错。
部署CoreDNS和Metrics-server时，pod状态不正常的处理。

附：安装开发工具

~]# yum grouplist
已加载插件：fastestmirror
没有安装组信息文件
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile* base: mirrors.aliyun.com* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
可用的环境分组：最小安装基础设施服务器计算节点文件及打印服务器基本网页服务器虚拟化主机带 GUI 的服务器GNOME 桌面KDE Plasma Workspaces开发及生成工作站
可用组：传统 UNIX 兼容性兼容性程序库图形管理工具安全性工具开发工具控制台互联网工具智能卡支持科学记数法支持系统管理系统管理工具
完成
~]# yum -y groupinstall "开发*"
......
## 如果第一次安装出现一些“FAILED”或“Failed connect to ...”，可尝试重新安装。##
~]# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_402"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_402-b06)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.402-b06, mixed mode)
~]# python -V
Python 2.7.5
~]# cc
cc: 致命错误：没有输入文件
编译中断。
~]# g++ --version
g++ (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)
Copyright © 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
本程序是自由软件；请参看源代码的版权声明。本软件没有任何担保；
包括没有适销性和某一专用目的下的适用性担保。
~]# gcc --version
gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)
Copyright © 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
本程序是自由软件；请参看源代码的版权声明。本软件没有任何担保；
包括没有适销性和某一专用目的下的适用性担保。
~]# ls -l $(which cc)
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 6月  25 11:05 /usr/bin/cc -> gcc

附：安装ipvs工具

## 修改/etc/yum.conf，保存安装的rpm包下载到/opt/rpm[main]
cachedir=/opt/rpm
keepcache=1
...
~]# yum install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y上次元数据过期检查：1 day, 1:43:41 前，执行于 2023年04月27日 星期四 15时32分00秒。软件包 ipset-7.1-1.el8.x86_64 已安装。软件包 libseccomp-2.5.1-1.el8.x86_64 已安装。依赖关系解决。==================================================================================================================================================软件包                                 架构                   版本                                               仓库                       大小==================================================================================================================================================安装:conntrack-tools                        x86_64                 1.4.4-10.el8                                       baseos                    204 kipvsadm                                x86_64                 1.31-1.el8                                         appstream                  59 ksysstat                                x86_64                 11.7.3-6.el8                                       appstream                 425 k安装依赖关系:libnetfilter_cthelper                  x86_64                 1.0.0-15.el8                                       baseos                     24 klibnetfilter_cttimeout                 x86_64                 1.0.0-11.el8                                       baseos                     24 klibnetfilter_queue                     x86_64                 1.0.4-3.el8                                        baseos                     31 klm_sensors-libs                        x86_64                 3.4.0-23.20180522git70f7e08.el8                    baseos                     59 k事务概要==================================================================================================================================================安装  7 软件包总下载：827 k安装大小：2.3 M下载软件包：(1/7): ipvsadm-1.31-1.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                                              258 kB/s |  59 kB     00:00(2/7): libnetfilter_cthelper-1.0.0-15.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                              402 kB/s |  24 kB     00:00(3/7): conntrack-tools-1.4.4-10.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                                    671 kB/s | 204 kB     00:00(4/7): libnetfilter_cttimeout-1.0.0-11.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                             417 kB/s |  24 kB     00:00(5/7): libnetfilter_queue-1.0.4-3.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                                  428 kB/s |  31 kB     00:00(6/7): lm_sensors-libs-3.4.0-23.20180522git70f7e08.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                 595 kB/s |  59 kB     00:00(7/7): sysstat-11.7.3-6.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                                            770 kB/s | 425 kB     00:00--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------总计                                                                                                              1.4 MB/s | 827 kB     00:00运行事务检查事务检查成功。运行事务测试事务测试成功。运行事务准备中  :                                                                                                                                   1/1安装    : lm_sensors-libs-3.4.0-23.20180522git70f7e08.el8.x86_64                                                                            1/7运行脚本: lm_sensors-libs-3.4.0-23.20180522git70f7e08.el8.x86_64                                                                            1/7安装    : libnetfilter_queue-1.0.4-3.el8.x86_64                                                                                             2/7运行脚本: libnetfilter_queue-1.0.4-3.el8.x86_64                                                                                             2/7安装    : libnetfilter_cttimeout-1.0.0-11.el8.x86_64                                                                                        3/7运行脚本: libnetfilter_cttimeout-1.0.0-11.el8.x86_64                                                                                        3/7安装    : libnetfilter_cthelper-1.0.0-15.el8.x86_64                                                                                         4/7运行脚本: libnetfilter_cthelper-1.0.0-15.el8.x86_64                                                                                         4/7安装    : conntrack-tools-1.4.4-10.el8.x86_64                                                                                               5/7运行脚本: conntrack-tools-1.4.4-10.el8.x86_64                                                                                               5/7安装    : sysstat-11.7.3-6.el8.x86_64                                                                                                       6/7运行脚本: sysstat-11.7.3-6.el8.x86_64                                                                                                       6/7安装    : ipvsadm-1.31-1.el8.x86_64                                                                                                         7/7运行脚本: ipvsadm-1.31-1.el8.x86_64                                                                                                         7/7验证    : ipvsadm-1.31-1.el8.x86_64                                                                                                         1/7验证    : sysstat-11.7.3-6.el8.x86_64                                                                                                       2/7验证    : conntrack-tools-1.4.4-10.el8.x86_64                                                                                               3/7验证    : libnetfilter_cthelper-1.0.0-15.el8.x86_64                                                                                         4/7验证    : libnetfilter_cttimeout-1.0.0-11.el8.x86_64                                                                                        5/7验证    : libnetfilter_queue-1.0.4-3.el8.x86_64                                                                                             6/7验证    : lm_sensors-libs-3.4.0-23.20180522git70f7e08.el8.x86_64                                                                            7/7已安装:conntrack-tools-1.4.4-10.el8.x86_64           ipvsadm-1.31-1.el8.x86_64                libnetfilter_cthelper-1.0.0-15.el8.x86_64libnetfilter_cttimeout-1.0.0-11.el8.x86_64    libnetfilter_queue-1.0.4-3.el8.x86_64    lm_sensors-libs-3.4.0-23.20180522git70f7e08.el8.x86_64sysstat-11.7.3-6.el8.x86_64完毕！
## 查看安装过程下载的包
]# ls /opt/rpm/*/*/*.rpm
/opt/rpm/base/packages/conntrack-tools-1.4.4-7.el7.x86_64.rpm
/opt/rpm/base/packages/ipvsadm-1.27-8.el7.x86_64.rpm
/opt/rpm/base/packages/libnetfilter_cthelper-1.0.0-11.el7.x86_64.rpm
/opt/rpm/base/packages/libnetfilter_cttimeout-1.0.0-7.el7.x86_64.rpm
/opt/rpm/base/packages/libnetfilter_queue-1.0.2-2.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
/opt/rpm/base/packages/lm_sensors-libs-3.4.0-8.20160601gitf9185e5.el7.x86_64.rpm
/opt/rpm/updates/packages/sysstat-10.1.5-20.el7_9.x86_64.rpm