Gitlab: PHP项目CI/CD实践-编程知识

1 说明

2 CI/CD

2.1 部署方式一：增量部署

2.1.1 目标服务器准备

2.2.2 Gitlab及Envoy脚本

2.2 部署方式二：镜像构建与部署

2.2.1 推送到私有化容器仓库

准备工作

脚本

要点

2.2.2 推送到hub.docker.com

准备工作

脚本

3 参考：

1 说明

以一个laravel blog项目为例，做dev分支的CI/CD实践
结合laravel envoy工具做多个远程服务器部署，分两种方式：A. 增量部署 B.镜像构建与部署

服务器：

Site	Server	IP	站点目录
team1-prj2.dev.ia	host001.dev.ia	192.168.0.130	/www/wwwroot/team1-prj2.dev.ia
team1-prj2.dev.ia	host002.dev.ia	192.168.0.131	/www/wwwroot/team1-prj2.dev.ia

2 CI/CD

2.1 部署方式一：增量部署

通过Lavavel/Envoy和git拉取新版本文件进行部署

2.1.1 目标服务器准备

php8.2, 安装所需扩展，务必在cli下测试是否正常, 有些被disable的functions要打开
composer self-update，兼容php8.2
使用Laravel/Envoy分发部署，确保Envoy.blade.php是utf8格式文件

站点目录结构

root@host001:/www/wwwroot/team1-prj2.dev.ia# tree -d -L 3 ./
./
├── current -> /www/wwwroot/team1-prj2.dev.ia/releases/default
├── releases
│   └── default
│       ├── app
│       ├── bootstrap
│       ├── config
│       ├── database
│       ├── public
│       ├── resources
│       ├── routes
│       ├── storage -> /www/wwwroot/team1-prj2.dev.ia/storage
│       ├── tests
│       └── vendor
└── storage├── app│   └── public├── framework│   ├── cache│   ├── sessions│   ├── testing│   └── views└── logs

说明：

team1-prj2.dev.ia	应用目录
team1-prj2.dev.ia/releases	版本发布目录，这里只设置了一个default目录，也可根据需要做日期变量发布
team1-prj2.dev.ia/current	链接到最新版本，被nginx访问的站点目录路径 current -> /www/wwwroot/team1-prj2.dev.ia/releases/default/
team1-prj2.dev.ia/storage	链接到最新版本的应用数据保存目录，如：日志，缓存等 storage -> /www/wwwroot/team1-prj2.dev.ia/storage
team1-prj2.dev.ia/.dev	.dev文件是运维人员建立的服务器定制环境文件，不进入仓库，链接到项目同名文件 .env -> /www/wwwroot/team1-prj2.dev.ia/.env*
team1-prj2.dev.ia/releases/default/.gitlab-ci.yml	gitlab 部署脚本
team1-prj2.dev.ia/releases/default/Envoy.blade.php	envoy 部署脚本

nginx配置

server
{listen 80;server_name team1-prj2.dev.ia;index index.php index.html index.htm default.php default.htm default.html;root /www/wwwroot/team1-prj2.dev.ia/current/public;#CERT-APPLY-CHECK--START# 用于SSL证书申请时的文件验证相关配置 -- 请勿删除include /www/server/panel/vhost/nginx/well-known/team1-prj2.dev.ia.conf;#CERT-APPLY-CHECK--END#SSL-START SSL相关配置，请勿删除或修改下一行带注释的404规则#error_page 404/404.html;#SSL-END#ERROR-PAGE-START  错误页配置，可以注释、删除或修改#error_page 404 /404.html;#error_page 502 /502.html;#ERROR-PAGE-END#PHP-INFO-START  PHP引用配置，可以注释或修改include enable-php-82.conf;#PHP-INFO-END#REWRITE-START URL重写规则引用,修改后将导致面板设置的伪静态规则失效include /www/server/panel/vhost/rewrite/team1-prj2.dev.ia.conf;#REWRITE-END#禁止访问的文件或目录location ~ ^/(\.user.ini|\.htaccess|\.git|\.env|\.svn|\.project|LICENSE|README.md){return 404;}#一键申请SSL证书验证目录相关设置location ~ \.well-known{allow all;}#禁止在证书验证目录放入敏感文件if ( $uri ~ "^/\.well-known/.*\.(php|jsp|py|js|css|lua|ts|go|zip|tar\.gz|rar|7z|sql|bak)$" ) {return 403;}location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)${expires      30d;error_log /dev/null;access_log /dev/null;}location ~ .*\.(js|css)?${expires      12h;error_log /dev/null;access_log /dev/null;}location / {try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;}access_log  /www/wwwlogs/team1-prj2.dev.ia.log;error_log  /www/wwwlogs/team1-prj2.dev.ia.error.log;
}

2.2.2 Gitlab及Envoy脚本

.gitlab-ci.yml

# default:
#  image: edbizarro/gitlab-ci-pipeline-php:7.4
#default:
# image: bennybi/php8.2
# image: bennybi/php7.4stages:- test- deploy.init_ssh: &init_ssh |which ssh-agent || ( apt-get update -y && apt-get install openssh-client -y )eval $(ssh-agent -s)echo "$SSH_PRIVATE_KEY" | tr -d '\r' | ssh-add - > /dev/nullmkdir -p ~/.sshchmod 700 ~/.ssh[[ -f /.dockerenv ]] && echo -e "Host *\n\tStrictHostKeyChecking no\n\n" > ~/.ssh/configcache:key: ${CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG}paths:- vendor/unit_test:stage: testtags:- phpscript:- cp .env.test .env- composer install- composer global require "laravel/envoy"- php artisan key:generate- php artisan migrate- vendor/bin/phpunitdeploy_dev:stage: deploytags:- phpenvironment:name: devurl: http://team1-prj2.dev.iascript:- *init_ssh- vendor/bin/envoy run deploy --branch="$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH" --commit="$CI_COMMIT_SHA"rules:- if: $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "dev"deploy_live:stage: deploytags:- phpscript:- *init_ssh- vendor/bin/envoy run deploy --commit="$CI_COMMIT_SHA"environment:name: liveurl: http://team1-prj2.dev.iawhen: manualrules:- if: $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "live"

Envoy.blade.php

@servers(['local' => 'deployer@host001.dev.ia','staging' => 'deployer@host002.dev.ia'])@setup$repository = 'git@host001.dev.ia:dev1/team1-prj2.git';$releases_dir = '/www/wwwroot/team1-prj2.dev.ia/releases';$app_dir = '/www/wwwroot/team1-prj2.dev.ia';$release = 'default';$new_release_dir = $releases_dir .'/'. $release;$user = get_current_user();
@endsetup@story('deploy', ['on' => ['local','staging']])sync_repositoryrun_composerupdate_symlinks
@endstory@task('sync_repository')echo "Current User: {{$user}}, branch:{{$branch}}, commit:{{$commit}}"if [ -d "{{$new_release_dir}}" ]; thenecho 'Pulling repository'cd {{ $new_release_dir }}git checkout {{ $branch }}git fetchgit reset --hard HEADgit merge origin/{{ $branch }}elseecho 'Cloning repository'[ -d {{ $releases_dir }} ] || mkdir {{ $releases_dir }}git clone --branch {{ $branch }}  --single-branch --depth 1 {{ $repository }} {{ $new_release_dir }}cd {{ $new_release_dir }}git reset --hard {{ $commit }}git config --global --add safe.directory '*'fi
@endtask@task('run_composer')echo "Starting deployment ({{ $release }})"cd {{ $new_release_dir }}composer install --prefer-dist --no-scripts -q -o
@endtask@task('update_symlinks')if [ ! -d "{{ $app_dir }}/current" ]; thenecho "Linking storage directory"{{-- rm -rf {{ $new_release_dir }}/storage  --}}mv {{ $new_release_dir }}/storage {{ $app_dir }}ln -nfs {{ $app_dir }}/storage {{ $new_release_dir }}/storageecho 'Linking .env file'ln -nfs {{ $app_dir }}/.env {{ $new_release_dir }}/.envecho 'Linking current release'ln -nfs {{ $new_release_dir }} {{ $app_dir }}/currentchmod 775 -Rf {{ $releases_dir }}fichmod 775 -Rf {{ $new_release_dir }}/storage{{-- chown deployer:www -Rf {{ $new_release_dir }}/.git  --}}
@endtask

2.2 部署方式二：镜像构建与部署

说明：

应用文件在build_image阶段，打包在镜像文件中，并推送到私有化的项目镜像仓库
lavavel应用所需.env，不进入代码仓库，而是通过 -v 映射到具体路径部署，如示例代码中的 "-v /data0/Projects/team1-prj1/.env:/app/.env"，防止敏感参数外泄
实例化后作为微服务容器，暴露8181端口提供外部访问

2.2.1 推送到私有化容器仓库

准备工作

- 新建项目team1-prj1，初始化git 仓库为：http://host001.dev.ia:18181/dev1/team1-prj1.git

- 建好容器仓库（见前文相关部分）

- 需要在Admin Area->CI/CD->Variables添加docker访问用户变量

$LOCAL_REGISTRY_LOGIN = your docker username
$LOCAL_REGISTRY_PASSWORD

脚本

项目中添加Dockerfile 文件，这里用到的原型镜像是我之前定制的php8.2

FROM bennybi/php8.2:latestWORKDIR /appRUN apt-get update -y && apt-get install -y openssl zip unzip git
RUN curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php -- --install-dir=/usr/local/bin --filename=composer
# RUN docker-php-ext-install pdo mbstringCOPY .env.example .env
COPY . /app
RUN composer install --no-interaction --prefer-dist --optimize-autoloader# Run any additional commands specific to Laravel
RUN php artisan config:cache
RUN php artisan route:cache
RUN php artisan view:cacheCMD php artisan serve --host=0.0.0.0 --port=8181
EXPOSE 8181

.gitlab-ci.yml

default:image: docker:19.03.8services:- mysql:5.7before_script:- docker infovariables:# DOCKER_IMAGE_TAG: 'bennybi/team1-prj1'APP_NAME: 'team1-prj1'REGISTRY_URL: 'http://host001.dev.ia:5050'DOCKER_IMAGE_TAG: 'host001.dev.ia:5050/dev1/team1-prj1:1.0.0'# DOCKER_IMAGE_TAG: 'host001.dev.ia:5050/dev1/team1-prj1'CONTAINER_IMAGE_NAME: ${DOCKER_IMAGE_TAG}# MYSQL_DATABASE: test# MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: fa843c707ce26702# DB_HOST: host001.dev.ia# DB_USERNAME: developerstages:- test- build- deployunit_test:stage: testtags:- phpscript:- cp .env.test .env- composer install- php artisan key:generate- php artisan migrate- vendor/bin/phpunitbuild_image:stage: buildtags:- phpscript:- docker login ${REGISTRY_URL} -u $LOCAL_REGISTRY_LOGIN -p $LOCAL_REGISTRY_PASSWORD- docker build --output type=registry,oci-mediatypes=false --cache-from "${DOCKER_IMAGE_TAG}" -t "${DOCKER_IMAGE_TAG}" --push --provenance=false .# - docker push ${DOCKER_IMAGE_TAG}:latest- docker push ${DOCKER_IMAGE_TAG}rules:- if: $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "dev"deploy_dev:stage: deploytags:- phpscript:- 'which ssh-agent || ( apt-get update -y && apt-get install openssh-client -y )'- eval $(ssh-agent -s)- ssh-add <(echo "$SSH_PRIVATE_KEY")- mkdir -p ~/.ssh- '[[ -f /.dockerenv ]] && echo -e "Host *\n\tStrictHostKeyChecking no\n\n" > ~/.ssh/config'- ssh deployer@host002.dev.ia "docker login ${REGISTRY_URL} -u $LOCAL_REGISTRY_LOGIN -p $LOCAL_REGISTRY_PASSWORD && docker pull $CONTAINER_IMAGE_NAME && docker stop ${APP_NAME} || true && docker rm ${APP_NAME} || true && docker run --name ${APP_NAME} -d -p 8181:8181  -v /data0/Projects/${APP_NAME}/.env:/app/.env ${CONTAINER_IMAGE_NAME} && docker exec ${APP_NAME} php artisan config:cache || true"environment:name: devurl: http://team1-prj1.dev.ia# when: manualrules:- if: $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "dev"

要点

- 注意build时所需的参数，缺少会诱发错误： “Invalid tag: missing manifest digest”

We used the buildx flag “–output type=registry,oci-mediatypes=false” to generate a Docker v2.2 manifest list. We could set the value to “true” and generate an OCI manifest index, but the GitLab UI will incorrectly display “Invalid tag: missing manifest digest”.

推送结果图示：

2.2.2 推送到hub.docker.com

准备工作

- 新建项目team1-prj1，初始化git 仓库为：http://host001.dev.ia:18181/dev1/team1-prj1.git

- 构建的镜像将push到hub.docker.com，因此需要在Admin Area->CI/CD->Variables添加docker访问用户变量

$DOCKER_LOGIN = your docker username
$DOCKER_PASSWORD

脚本

Dockerfile

同上 ...

.gitlab-ci.yml

default:image: docker:19.03.8services:- mysql:5.7before_script:- docker infovariables:MYSQL_DATABASE: testMYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: fa843c707ce26702DB_HOST: host001.dev.iaDB_USERNAME: developerstages:- test- build# - deployunit_test:stage: testtags:- phpscript:- cp .env.test .env- composer install- php artisan key:generate- php artisan migrate- vendor/bin/phpunitbuild_image:stage: buildvariables:DOCKER_IMAGE_TAG: 'bennybi/team1-prj1'tags:- phpscript:- docker build --cache-from "${DOCKER_IMAGE_TAG}" -t "${DOCKER_IMAGE_TAG}" .- docker login --username $DOCKER_LOGIN --password $DOCKER_PASSWORD# - docker run my-docker-image /script/to/run/tests- docker push ${DOCKER_IMAGE_TAG}:latestrules:- if: $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "dev"# deploy_dev:
#   stage: deploy
#   tags:
#     - php
#   script:
#     - 'which ssh-agent || ( apt-get update -y && apt-get install openssh-client -y )'
#     - eval $(ssh-agent -s)
#     - ssh-add <(echo "$SSH_PRIVATE_KEY")
#     - mkdir -p ~/.ssh
#     - '[[ -f /.dockerenv ]] && echo -e "Host *\n\tStrictHostKeyChecking no\n\n" > ~/.ssh/config'
#     # - ~/.composer/vendor/bin/envoy run deploy --commit="$CI_COMMIT_SHA"
#   environment:
#     name: dev
#     url: http://team1-prj1.dev.ia
#   when: manual
#   rules:
#     - if: $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "dev"