Pytorch从零开始实战21-编程知识

Pytorch从零开始实战——Pix2Pix理论与实战

本系列来源于365天深度学习训练营

原作者K同学

文章目录

Pytorch从零开始实战——Pix2Pix理论与实战
- 内容介绍
- 数据集加载
- 模型实现
- 开始训练
- 总结

内容介绍

Pix2Pix是一种用于用于图像翻译的通用框架，即图像到图像的转换。它在生成对抗网络的框架下进行训练。Pix2Pix的目标是将输入图像转换为输出图像，例如将黑白线稿转换为彩色图像，或者将地图转换为卫星图像等。Pix2Pix模型的训练通常需要大量的配对数据，即包含输入图像与相应输出图像的数据集。

图像内容：指的是图像的固有内容，它是区分不同图像的依据。

图像域：指在特定上下文中所涵盖的一组图像的集合，这些图像通常具有某种相似性或共同特征。图像域可以用来表示一类具有共同属性或内容的图像。在图像处理和计算机视觉领域，图像域常常被用于描述参与某项任务或问题的图像集合。

图像翻译：是将一个物体的图像表征转换为该物体的另一个表征，例如根据皮包的轮廓图得到皮包的彩色图。也就是找到一个函数，能让域A的图像映射到域B，从而实现图像的跨域转换。

Pix2Pix的三个核心技术：

基于CGAN的损失函数：CGAN是Conditional Generative Adversarial Network的缩写，它将条件信息（如输入图像）作为生成器和判别器的输入，以帮助生成器生成更加逼真的输出。Pix2Pix使用了基于条件GAN的损失函数来指导生成器生成与目标图像更加接近的输出。

基于U-Net的生成器：U-Net是一种用于图像分割的卷积神经网络结构，它由编码器和解码器组成，通过跳跃连接将低级特征与高级特征相结合，有助于保留更多的图像细节。Pix2Pix中的生成器采用了U-Net结构，以实现图像到图像的转换。
下图为Pix2Pix的生成器的网络结构。
在这里插入图片描述

基于PatchGAN的判别器：PatchGAN是一种判别器的设计，对图像中的局部区域进行分类。Pix2Pix提出了将输入图像分成个图像块，这有助于提高模型对细节的感知，并使得判别器更能够捕捉到图像的局部结构信息。Pix2Pix使用了基于PatchGAN的判别器来评估生成的图像的真实度。

数据集加载

定义了一个自定义的数据集类ImageDataset，用于加载图像数据集。

import glob
import random
import os
import numpy as np
from torch.utils.data import Dataset
from PIL import Image
import torchvision.transforms as transformsclass ImageDataset(Dataset):def __init__(self, root, transforms_=None, mode="train"):self.transform = transforms.Compose(transforms_)self.files = sorted(glob.glob(os.path.join(root, mode) + "/*.*"))if mode == "train":self.files.extend(sorted(glob.glob(os.path.join(root, "test") + "/*.*")))def __getitem__(self, index):img = Image.open(self.files[index % len(self.files)])w, h = img.sizeimg_A = img.crop((0, 0, w / 2, h))img_B = img.crop((w / 2, 0, w, h))if np.random.random() < 0.5:img_A = Image.fromarray(np.array(img_A)[:, ::-1, :], "RGB")img_B = Image.fromarray(np.array(img_B)[:, ::-1, :], "RGB")img_A = self.transform(img_A)img_B = self.transform(img_B)return {"A": img_A, "B": img_B}def __len__(self):return len(self.files)

模型实现

下面代码定义了一个U-Net生成器和一个PatchGAN鉴别器。

import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch
def weights_init_normal(m):classname = m.__class__.__name__if classname.find("Conv") != -1:torch.nn.init.normal_(m.weight.data, 0.0, 0.02)elif classname.find("BatchNorm2d") != -1:torch.nn.init.normal_(m.weight.data, 1.0, 0.02)torch.nn.init.constant_(m.bias.data, 0.0)

UNetDown 类和 UNetUp 类：这些类定义了 U-Net 结构中的下采样和上采样部分的层次。UNetDown 类用于定义 U-Net 的下采样部分，它包括卷积层、归一化层、激活函数层和丢弃层。UNetUp 类定义了 U-Net 的上采样部分，它包括转置卷积层、归一化层、激活函数层和丢弃层。

GeneratorUNet 类：这是整个 U-Net 生成器的定义。它利用了之前定义的 UNetDown 和 UNetUp 类来构建一个完整的 U-Net 网络。在 init方法中，它初始化了 U-Net 的各个层次，并在 forward 方法中定义了数据在网络中的传播方式。

class UNetDown(nn.Module):def __init__(self, in_size, out_size, normalize=True, dropout=0.0):super(UNetDown, self).__init__()layers = [nn.Conv2d(in_size, out_size, 4, 2, 1, bias=False)]if normalize:layers.append(nn.InstanceNorm2d(out_size))layers.append(nn.LeakyReLU(0.2))if dropout:layers.append(nn.Dropout(dropout))self.model = nn.Sequential(*layers)def forward(self, x):return self.model(x)class UNetUp(nn.Module):def __init__(self, in_size, out_size, dropout=0.0):super(UNetUp, self).__init__()layers = [nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_size, out_size, 4, 2, 1, bias=False),nn.InstanceNorm2d(out_size),nn.ReLU(inplace=True),]if dropout:layers.append(nn.Dropout(dropout))self.model = nn.Sequential(*layers)def forward(self, x, skip_input):x = self.model(x)x = torch.cat((x, skip_input), 1)return xclass GeneratorUNet(nn.Module):def __init__(self, in_channels=3, out_channels=3):super(GeneratorUNet, self).__init__()self.down1 = UNetDown(in_channels, 64, normalize=False)self.down2 = UNetDown(64, 128)self.down3 = UNetDown(128, 256)self.down4 = UNetDown(256, 512, dropout=0.5)self.down5 = UNetDown(512, 512, dropout=0.5)self.down6 = UNetDown(512, 512, dropout=0.5)self.down7 = UNetDown(512, 512, dropout=0.5)self.down8 = UNetDown(512, 512, normalize=False, dropout=0.5)self.up1 = UNetUp(512, 512, dropout=0.5)self.up2 = UNetUp(1024, 512, dropout=0.5)self.up3 = UNetUp(1024, 512, dropout=0.5)self.up4 = UNetUp(1024, 512, dropout=0.5)self.up5 = UNetUp(1024, 256)self.up6 = UNetUp(512, 128)self.up7 = UNetUp(256, 64)self.final = nn.Sequential(nn.Upsample(scale_factor=2),nn.ZeroPad2d((1, 0, 1, 0)),nn.Conv2d(128, out_channels, 4, padding=1),nn.Tanh(),)def forward(self, x):# U-Net generator with skip connections from encoder to decoderd1 = self.down1(x)d2 = self.down2(d1)d3 = self.down3(d2)d4 = self.down4(d3)d5 = self.down5(d4)d6 = self.down6(d5)d7 = self.down7(d6)d8 = self.down8(d7)u1 = self.up1(d8, d7)u2 = self.up2(u1, d6)u3 = self.up3(u2, d5)u4 = self.up4(u3, d4)u5 = self.up5(u4, d3)u6 = self.up6(u5, d2)u7 = self.up7(u6, d1)return self.final(u7)

discriminator_block 函数：这个函数定义了 PatchGAN 判别器中的一个“块”，包括一个卷积层、一个归一化层和一个 LeakyReLU 激活函数。

Discriminator 类：这是整个 PatchGAN 判别器的定义。它由一系列卷积层和 LeakyReLU 激活函数层组成，用于从图像对中提取特征，并输出一个判别值，表示输入图像对是真实对还是生成对。

class Discriminator(nn.Module):def __init__(self, in_channels=3):super(Discriminator, self).__init__()def discriminator_block(in_filters, out_filters, normalization=True):"""Returns downsampling layers of each discriminator block"""layers = [nn.Conv2d(in_filters, out_filters, 4, stride=2, padding=1)]if normalization:layers.append(nn.InstanceNorm2d(out_filters))layers.append(nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, inplace=True))return layersself.model = nn.Sequential(*discriminator_block(in_channels * 2, 64, normalization=False),*discriminator_block(64, 128),*discriminator_block(128, 256),*discriminator_block(256, 512),nn.ZeroPad2d((1, 0, 1, 0)),nn.Conv2d(512, 1, 4, padding=1, bias=False))def forward(self, img_A, img_B):# Concatenate image and condition image by channels to produce inputimg_input = torch.cat((img_A, img_B), 1)return self.model(img_input)

开始训练

主要功能包括：

1.解析命令行参数：使用argparse.ArgumentParser()解析命令行参数，包括训练所需的超参数、数据集名称等。

2.定义生成器和判别器模型：使用之前定义的GeneratorUNet和Discriminator类创建模型。

3.配置优化器：使用Adam优化器来优化生成器和判别器的参数。

4.加载数据集：使用PyTorch的DataLoader加载训练和验证数据集。

5.定义损失函数：定义了GAN损失和像素级别的L1损失。

6.训练过程：使用双重循环进行训练，其中外层循环遍历每个epoch，内层循环遍历每个batch。在每个batch内，首先训练生成器，然后训练判别器。训练过程中，会打印损失信息以及训练的进度。

7.保存模型和生成示例图像：在每个epoch结束时，会保存生成器和判别器的模型参数，并周期性地生成一些示例图像以供可视化和评估模型效果。

import argparse
import time
import datetime
import sysimport torchvision.transforms as transforms
from torchvision.utils import save_image
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torch.autograd import Variablefrom models import *
from datasets import *import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torchparser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("--epoch", type=int, default=0, help="epoch to start training from")
parser.add_argument("--n_epochs", type=int, default=100, help="number of epochs of training")
parser.add_argument("--dataset_name", type=str, default="data_facades", help="name of the dataset")
parser.add_argument("--batch_size", type=int, default=1, help="size of the batches")
parser.add_argument("--lr", type=float, default=0.0002, help="adam: learning rate")
parser.add_argument("--b1", type=float, default=0.5, help="adam: decay of first order momentum of gradient")
parser.add_argument("--b2", type=float, default=0.999, help="adam: decay of first order momentum of gradient")
parser.add_argument("--decay_epoch", type=int, default=100, help="epoch from which to start lr decay")
parser.add_argument("--n_cpu", type=int, default=8, help="number of cpu threads to use during batch generation")
parser.add_argument("--img_height", type=int, default=256, help="size of image height")
parser.add_argument("--img_width", type=int, default=256, help="size of image width")
parser.add_argument("--channels", type=int, default=3, help="number of image channels")
parser.add_argument("--sample_interval", type=int, default=500, help="interval between sampling of images from generators"
)
parser.add_argument("--checkpoint_interval", type=int, default=-1, help="interval between model checkpoints")
opt = parser.parse_args()
print(opt)os.makedirs("images/%s" % opt.dataset_name, exist_ok=True)
os.makedirs("saved_models/%s" % opt.dataset_name, exist_ok=True)cuda = True if torch.cuda.is_available() else False# Loss functions
criterion_GAN = torch.nn.MSELoss()
criterion_pixelwise = torch.nn.L1Loss()# Loss weight of L1 pixel-wise loss between translated image and real image
lambda_pixel = 100# Calculate output of image discriminator (PatchGAN)
patch = (1, opt.img_height // 2 ** 4, opt.img_width // 2 ** 4)# Initialize generator and discriminator
generator = GeneratorUNet()
discriminator = Discriminator()if cuda:generator = generator.cuda()discriminator = discriminator.cuda()criterion_GAN.cuda()criterion_pixelwise.cuda()if opt.epoch != 0:# Load pretrained modelsgenerator.load_state_dict(torch.load("saved_models/%s/generator_%d.pth" % (opt.dataset_name, opt.epoch)))discriminator.load_state_dict(torch.load("saved_models/%s/discriminator_%d.pth" % (opt.dataset_name, opt.epoch)))
else:# Initialize weightsgenerator.apply(weights_init_normal)discriminator.apply(weights_init_normal)# Optimizers
optimizer_G = torch.optim.Adam(generator.parameters(), lr=opt.lr, betas=(opt.b1, opt.b2))
optimizer_D = torch.optim.Adam(discriminator.parameters(), lr=opt.lr, betas=(opt.b1, opt.b2))# Configure dataloaders
transforms_ = [transforms.Resize((opt.img_height, opt.img_width), Image.BICUBIC),transforms.ToTensor(),transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5)),
]dataloader = DataLoader(ImageDataset("./%s" % opt.dataset_name, transforms_=transforms_),batch_size=opt.batch_size,shuffle=True,num_workers=opt.n_cpu,
)val_dataloader = DataLoader(ImageDataset("./%s" % opt.dataset_name, transforms_=transforms_, mode="val"),batch_size=10,shuffle=True,num_workers=1,
)# Tensor type
Tensor = torch.cuda.FloatTensor if cuda else torch.FloatTensordef sample_images(batches_done):"""Saves a generated sample from the validation set"""imgs = next(iter(val_dataloader))real_A = Variable(imgs["B"].type(Tensor))real_B = Variable(imgs["A"].type(Tensor))fake_B = generator(real_A)img_sample = torch.cat((real_A.data, fake_B.data, real_B.data), -2)save_image(img_sample, "images/%s/%s.png" % (opt.dataset_name, batches_done), nrow=5, normalize=True)# ----------
#  Training
# ----------if __name__ == '__main__':prev_time = time.time()for epoch in range(opt.epoch, opt.n_epochs):for i, batch in enumerate(dataloader):# Model inputsreal_A = Variable(batch["B"].type(Tensor))real_B = Variable(batch["A"].type(Tensor))# Adversarial ground truthsvalid = Variable(Tensor(np.ones((real_A.size(0), *patch))), requires_grad=False)fake = Variable(Tensor(np.zeros((real_A.size(0), *patch))), requires_grad=False)# ------------------#  Train Generators# ------------------optimizer_G.zero_grad()# GAN lossfake_B = generator(real_A)pred_fake = discriminator(fake_B, real_A)loss_GAN = criterion_GAN(pred_fake, valid)# Pixel-wise lossloss_pixel = criterion_pixelwise(fake_B, real_B)# Total lossloss_G = loss_GAN + lambda_pixel * loss_pixelloss_G.backward()optimizer_G.step()# ---------------------#  Train Discriminator# ---------------------optimizer_D.zero_grad()# Real losspred_real = discriminator(real_B, real_A)loss_real = criterion_GAN(pred_real, valid)# Fake losspred_fake = discriminator(fake_B.detach(), real_A)loss_fake = criterion_GAN(pred_fake, fake)# Total lossloss_D = 0.5 * (loss_real + loss_fake)loss_D.backward()optimizer_D.step()# --------------#  Log Progress# --------------# Determine approximate time leftbatches_done = epoch * len(dataloader) + ibatches_left = opt.n_epochs * len(dataloader) - batches_donetime_left = datetime.timedelta(seconds=batches_left * (time.time() - prev_time))prev_time = time.time()# Print logsys.stdout.write("\r[Epoch %d/%d] [Batch %d/%d] [D loss: %f] [G loss: %f, pixel: %f, adv: %f] ETA: %s"% (epoch,opt.n_epochs,i,len(dataloader),loss_D.item(),loss_G.item(),loss_pixel.item(),loss_GAN.item(),time_left,))# If at sample interval save imageif batches_done % opt.sample_interval == 0:sample_images(batches_done)if opt.checkpoint_interval != -1 and epoch % opt.checkpoint_interval == 0:# Save model checkpointstorch.save(generator.state_dict(), "saved_models/%s/generator_%d.pth" % (opt.dataset_name, epoch))torch.save(discriminator.state_dict(), "saved_models/%s/discriminator_%d.pth" % (opt.dataset_name, epoch))