结合fastapi-users与Langserve轻松实现大语言接口用户认证-编程知识

在做大模型开发的过程中，相信很多小伙伴都是对大模型开发感兴趣，却对 fastapi 这个框架并不熟悉，但是，实际开发的项目确需要用户鉴权，这时候就会很头疼，查阅官方文档发现，官方虽然有例子，但是写的非常简单，只有一个自定义的verify_token函数，函数内容还需要自己实现，如果投入学习成本在 fastapi 的用户认证上就显得得不偿失。而 fastapi 是有现成的用户认证的框架的，比如 fastapi-users。今天，我就带领大家完成一个使用 fastapi-users来实现带有用户认证功能的Langserve接口。

以上是官方的认证鉴权的方法，实现过程需要自己来完成。

实现步骤：

下载fastapi-users

pip install 'fastapi-users[sqlalchemy]'

代码目录结构

创建 langserve 项目的方法我就不再介绍了，感兴趣的同学，可以看我的这篇公众号文章：LangServe全面使用指南

.
├── app
│   ├── db.py
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── __pycache__
│   ├── schemas.py
│   ├── server.py
│   └── users.py
├── Dockerfile
├── packages
│   └── README.md
├── poetry.lock
├── pyproject.toml
├── README.md
└── test.db

其中，db.py、users.py、schemas.py都是新建的 python 文件，这个目录结构也是fastapi-users推荐的拆分方式。

代码编写

db.py

from typing import AsyncGeneratorfrom fastapi import Depends
from fastapi_users.db import SQLAlchemyBaseUserTableUUID, SQLAlchemyUserDatabase
from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession, async_sessionmaker, create_async_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBaseDATABASE_URL = "sqlite+aiosqlite:///./test.db"class Base(DeclarativeBase):passclass User(SQLAlchemyBaseUserTableUUID, Base):passengine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL)
async_session_maker = async_sessionmaker(engine, expire_on_commit=False)async def create_db_and_tables():async with engine.begin() as conn:await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.create_all)async def get_async_session() -> AsyncGenerator[AsyncSession, None]:async with async_session_maker() as session:yield sessionasync def get_user_db(session: AsyncSession = Depends(get_async_session)):yield SQLAlchemyUserDatabase(session, User)

schemas.py

import uuidfrom fastapi_users import schemasclass UserRead(schemas.BaseUser[uuid.UUID]):passclass UserCreate(schemas.BaseUserCreate):passclass UserUpdate(schemas.BaseUserUpdate):pass

users.py

import uuid
from typing import Optionalfrom fastapi import Depends, Request
from fastapi_users import BaseUserManager, FastAPIUsers, UUIDIDMixin
from fastapi_users.authentication import (AuthenticationBackend,BearerTransport,JWTStrategy,
)
from fastapi_users.db import SQLAlchemyUserDatabasefrom app.db import User, get_user_dbSECRET = "SECRET"class UserManager(UUIDIDMixin, BaseUserManager[User, uuid.UUID]):reset_password_token_secret = SECRETverification_token_secret = SECRETasync def on_after_register(self, user: User, request: Optional[Request] = None):print(f"User {user.id} has registered.")async def on_after_forgot_password(self, user: User, token: str, request: Optional[Request] = None):print(f"User {user.id} has forgot their password. Reset token: {token}")async def on_after_request_verify(self, user: User, token: str, request: Optional[Request] = None):print(f"Verification requested for user {user.id}. Verification token: {token}")async def get_user_manager(user_db: SQLAlchemyUserDatabase = Depends(get_user_db)):yield UserManager(user_db)bearer_transport = BearerTransport(tokenUrl="auth/jwt/login")def get_jwt_strategy() -> JWTStrategy:return JWTStrategy(secret=SECRET, lifetime_seconds=3600)auth_backend = AuthenticationBackend(name="jwt",transport=bearer_transport,get_strategy=get_jwt_strategy,
)fastapi_users = FastAPIUsers[User, uuid.UUID](get_user_manager, [auth_backend])current_active_user = fastapi_users.current_user(active=True)

注意： 这些都是fastapi-users官方用例部分，最主要的是 server.py中的结合部分。

from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends
from fastapi.responses import RedirectResponse
from langserve import add_routesfrom contextlib import asynccontextmanagerfrom app.db import User, create_db_and_tables
from app.schemas import UserCreate, UserRead, UserUpdate
from app.users import auth_backend, current_active_user, fastapi_users
from langchain.chat_models import ChatOpenAI
from langchain_community.chat_models.moonshot import MoonshotChat@asynccontextmanager
async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):# Not needed if you setup a migration system like Alembicawait create_db_and_tables()yieldapp = FastAPI(lifespan=lifespan,#dependencies=[Depends(current_active_user)]
)app.include_router(fastapi_users.get_auth_router(auth_backend), prefix="/auth/jwt", tags=["auth"]
)
app.include_router(fastapi_users.get_register_router(UserRead, UserCreate),prefix="/auth",tags=["auth"],
)
app.include_router(fastapi_users.get_reset_password_router(),prefix="/auth",tags=["auth"],
)
app.include_router(fastapi_users.get_verify_router(UserRead),prefix="/auth",tags=["auth"],
)
app.include_router(fastapi_users.get_users_router(UserRead, UserUpdate),prefix="/users",tags=["users"],
)@app.get("/authenticated-route")
async def authenticated_route(user: User = Depends(current_active_user)):return {"message": f"Hello {user.email}!"}add_routes(app,MoonshotChat(),path="/openai",dependencies=[Depends(current_active_user)],
)@app.get("/")
async def redirect_root_to_docs():return RedirectResponse("/docs")# Edit this to add the chain you want to add
# add_routes(app, NotImplemented)if __name__ == "__main__":import uvicornuvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)

这里，我用的是kimi的api接口，最主要的改变是在add_routes中增加了dependencies参数，引入了fastapi-users封装好的current_active_user。

add_routes(app,MoonshotChat(),path="/openai",dependencies=[Depends(current_active_user)], #这句代码是关键
)

最后，看下实际调用 invoke 接口后的效果吧！只需要在调用的接口的 header 中加入Authorization即可，对应的值是bearer加 token。这个 token 是调用 login 接口后返回的。

调用login接口获取 token

headers 中加入token

调用 invoke 后的效果

总结

怎么样？是不是很简单？如果有不理解的地方或者需要本代码的，欢迎与我联系。