转自：https://www.cnblogs.com/miraclepbc/p/14378379.html
数据集描述
总共200200类图像，每一类图像都存放在一个以类别名称命名的文件夹下，每张图片的命名格式如下图：
数据预处理
首先分析一下我们在数据预处理阶段的目标和工作流程
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获取每张图像以及对应的标签
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划分测试集和训练集
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通过写数据集类的方式，获取数据集并进一步获得DataLoader
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打印图片，验证效果
获取图像及标签
all_imgs_path = glob.glob(r'E:\birds\birds\*\*.jpg') # 获取所有图像路径列表
all_labels_name = [i.split('\\')[3].split('.')[1] for i in all_imgs_path] # 获取每张图像的标签名
label_to_index = dict([(v, k) for k, v in enumerate(unique_labels)]) # 将标签名映射到数值
# 获取每张图片的数值标签
all_labels = []
for img in all_imgs_path:for k, v in label_to_index.items():if k in img:all_labels.append(v)
划分测试集和训练集
以下代码可以作为模板来用，不做额外解释
np.random.seed(2021)
index = np.random.permutation(len(all_imgs_path))
all_imgs_path = np.array(all_imgs_path)[index]
all_labels = np.array(all_labels)[index]
s = int(len(all_imgs_path) * 0.8)train_path = all_imgs_path[:s]
train_labels = all_labels[:s]
test_path = all_imgs_path[s:]
test_labels = all_labels[s:]
通过写数据集类的方式，获取数据集并进一步获得DataLoader
以下代码可以作为模板来用，不做额外解释
transform = transforms.Compose([transforms.Resize((224, 224)),transforms.ToTensor()
])class BirdsDataset(data.Dataset):def __init__(self, img_paths, labels, transform):self.imgs = img_pathsself.labels = labelsself.transforms = transformdef __getitem__(self, index):img = self.imgs[index]label = self.labels[index]pil_img = Image.open(img)pil_img = pil_img.convert('RGB') # 这一句是专门用来解决一种RuntimeError的np_img = np.array(pil_img, dtype = np.uint8)if np_img.shape == 2:img_data = np.repeat(np_img[:, :, np.newaxis], 3, axis = 2)pil_data = Image.fromarray(img_data)data = self.transforms(pil_img)return data, labeldef __len__(self):return len(self.imgs)train_ds = BirdsDataset(train_path, train_labels, transform)
test_ds = BirdsDataset(test_path, test_labels, transform)
train_dl = data.DataLoader(train_ds, batch_size = 32) # 这里只是提取卷积基，不做训练，因此不用shuffle
test_dl = data.DataLoader(test_ds, batch_size = 32)
结果查看
取出一个批次的数据，绘图
img_batch, label_batch = next(iter(train_dl))
plt.figure(figsize = (12, 8)) # 定义画布大小
index_to_label = dict([(k, v) for k, v in enumerate(unique_labels)])
for i, (img, label) in enumerate(zip(img_batch[:3], label_batch[:3])):img = img.permute(1, 2, 0).numpy() # 将channel放在最后一维plt.subplot(1, 3, i + 1)plt.title(index_to_label.get(label.item()))plt.imshow(img)
结果如下：
提取卷积基
这一阶段的工作流程如下：
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获取DenseNet预训练模型，使用feature部分
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使用卷积基提取图像特征，并存放在列表中
预训练模型获取
my_densenet = models.densenet121(pretrained = True).featuresif torch.cuda.is_available():my_densenet = my_densenet.cuda()for p in my_densenet.parameters():p.requires_grad = False
提取图像特征
train_features = []
train_features_labels = []
for im, la in train_dl:out = my_densenet(im.cuda())out = out.view(out.size(0), -1) # 这里需要进行扁平化操作，因为后面要进行线性模型预测train_features.extend(out.cpu().data) # 这里注意是extend，extend可以将一个列表加到另一个列表的后面train_features_labels.extend(la)test_features = []
test_features_labels = []
for im, la in test_dl:out = my_densenet(im.cuda())out = out.view(out.size(0), -1)test_features.extend(out.cpu().data)test_features_labels.extend(la)
重新定义数据集
因为后面要通过线性模型来预测，因此之前的图像数据集就不好用了
因此需要用刚刚提取到的特征，重新制作数据集
class FeatureDataset(data.Dataset):def __init__(self, feature_list, label_list):self.feature_list = feature_listself.label_list = label_listdef __getitem__(self, index):return self.feature_list[index], self.label_list[index]def __len__(self):return len(self.feature_list)train_feature_ds = FeatureDataset(train_features, train_features_labels)
test_feature_ds = FeatureDataset(test_features, test_features_labels)
train_feature_dl = data.DataLoader(train_feature_ds, batch_size = 32, shuffle = True)
test_feature_dl = data.DataLoader(test_feature_ds, batch_size = 32)
模型定义与预测
这里定义一个线性模型即可
模型定义
class FCModel(nn.Module):def __init__(self, in_size, out_size):super().__init__()self.linear = nn.Linear(in_size, out_size)def forward(self, input):return self.linear(input)in_feature_size = train_features[0].shape[0]
net = FCModel(in_feature_size, 200)device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
net.to(device)loss_func = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr = 0.00001)
epochs = 30
模型训练
def fit(epoch, model, trainloader, testloader):correct = 0total = 0running_loss = 0model.train()for x, y in trainloader:y = torch.tensor(y, dtype = torch.long)x, y = x.to(device), y.to(device)y_pred = model(x)loss = loss_func(y_pred, y)optimizer.zero_grad()loss.backward()optimizer.step()with torch.no_grad():y_pred = torch.argmax(y_pred, dim = 1)correct += (y_pred == y).sum().item()total += y.size(0)running_loss += loss.item()epoch_acc = correct / totalepoch_loss = running_loss / len(trainloader.dataset)test_correct = 0test_total = 0test_running_loss = 0model.eval()with torch.no_grad():for x, y in testloader:y = torch.tensor(y, dtype = torch.long)x, y = x.to(device), y.to(device)y_pred = model(x)loss = loss_func(y_pred, y)y_pred = torch.argmax(y_pred, dim = 1)test_correct += (y_pred == y).sum().item()test_total += y.size(0)test_running_loss += loss.item()epoch_test_acc = test_correct / test_totalepoch_test_loss = test_running_loss / len(testloader.dataset)print('epoch: ', epoch, 'loss: ', round(epoch_loss, 3),'accuracy: ', round(epoch_acc, 3),'test_loss: ', round(epoch_test_loss, 3),'test_accuracy: ', round(epoch_test_acc, 3))return epoch_loss, epoch_acc, epoch_test_loss, epoch_test_acctrain_loss = []
train_acc = []
test_loss = []
test_acc = []
for epoch in range(epochs):epoch_loss, epoch_acc, epoch_test_loss, epoch_test_acc = fit(epoch, net, train_feature_dl, test_feature_dl)train_loss.append(epoch_loss)train_acc.append(epoch_acc)test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)
训练结果
