开发app步骤总结

以下是用IDEA后端Java开发（如Spring Boot）与Android Studio前端开发app的逻辑实现步骤详解：

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一、技术选择

1. 通信协议：推荐使用RESTful API（HTTP/HTTPS）
2. 数据格式：JSON（轻量级且跨平台）
3. 后端框架：Spring Boot
4. Android网络库：Retrofit + OkHttp
5. 接口测试工具：Postman

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二、实现步骤

1. 后端开发（IDEA Spring Boot）

// 示例：用户API接口
@RestController
@CrossOrigin(origins = "*") // 解决跨域问题
@RequestMapping("/api/users")
public class UserController {@Autowiredprivate UserService userService;// 创建用户@PostMappingpublic ResponseEntity<User> createUser(@RequestBody User user) {User createdUser = userService.createUser(user);return new ResponseEntity<>(createdUser, HttpStatus.CREATED);}// 获取用户列表@GetMappingpublic List<User> getAllUsers() {return userService.getAllUsers();}// 根据ID查询用户@GetMapping("/{id}")public ResponseEntity<User> getUserById(@PathVariable Long id) {return userService.getUserById(id).map(user -> new ResponseEntity<>(user, HttpStatus.OK)).orElse(new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND));}
}

关键配置：

# application.properties
server.port=8080
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update

2. 前端开发（Android Studio）

步骤1：添加依赖

// build.gradle (Module)
dependencies {implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.9.0'implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.9.0'implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:4.9.3'
}

步骤2：创建数据模型

// User.kt
data class User(@SerializedName("id") val id: Long,@SerializedName("name") val name: String,@SerializedName("email") val email: String
)

步骤3：配置Retrofit

// ApiClient.kt
object ApiClient {private const val BASE_URL = "http://10.0.2.2:8080/api/" // Android模拟器访问本机地址private val okHttpClient = OkHttpClient.Builder().addInterceptor(HttpLoggingInterceptor().apply {level = HttpLoggingInterceptor.Level.BODY}).build()private val retrofit = Retrofit.Builder().baseUrl(BASE_URL).client(okHttpClient).addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()).build()val userService: UserService = retrofit.create(UserService::class.java)
}

步骤4：定义API接口

// UserService.kt
interface UserService {@GET("users")suspend fun getUsers(): Response<List<User>>@POST("users")suspend fun createUser(@Body user: User): Response<User>@GET("users/{id}")suspend fun getUserById(@Path("id") id: Long): Response<User>
}

步骤5：发起网络请求

// MainActivity.kt
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {private val userService = ApiClient.userServiceoverride fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.IO).launch {try {// 获取用户列表val response = userService.getUsers()if (response.isSuccessful) {val users = response.body()users?.forEach { user ->Log.d("API_RESPONSE", "User: ${user.name}")}}} catch (e: Exception) {e.printStackTrace()}}}
}

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三、联调关键点

1. IP地址配置：

   • 模拟器访问本机：10.0.2.2
   • 真机调试需保证手机与PC在同一局域网，使用PC的局域网IP

2. 网络权限：

   <!-- AndroidManifest.xml -->
   <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
   

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四、测试流程

1. 使用Postman测试后端接口
2. 启动Android模拟器
3. 查看Logcat输出

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