redis是一个开源(BSD许可)的,内存中的数据结构存储系统,可以用作数据库、缓存和消息中间件MQ。它支持多种类型的数据结构,如字符串(String)、散列(Hash)、列表(List)、集合(Set)、有序集合(Sorted Sets)与范围查询(bitmaps、hyperloglogs)和地理空间(geospatial)索引半径查询。Redis内置了复制(replication)、LUA脚本(Lua Scripting)、LRU驱动事件、事务(Transactions)和不同级别的磁盘持久化(Persistence),并通过Redis哨兵(Sentinel)和自动分区(Cluster)提供高可用性。redis不区分大小写命令。
000 || redis-key
127.0.0.1:6379> set name harley # 设置key
OK
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> keys * # 查看当前数据库中所有的key
1) "name"
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> exists name # 查看是否存在某key
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> move name 1 # 移除key
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
(empty array)
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> set name harley
OK
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
1) "name"
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> clear # 清屏
127.0.0.1:6379> expire name 10 # 设置name的过期时间为10s
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl name # 查看name的剩余过期时间
(integer) 7
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl name
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> get name # 查看name的值
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> set name harley
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> type name # 查看key的类型
string
127.0.0.1:6379>
过期时间可以用于设置cookie的过期时间设置
001 || String
90%的java程序员使用redis只会使用一个String类型
127.0.0.1:6379> set key1 v1 # 设置值
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get key1 # 获得值
"v1"
127.0.0.1:6379> keys * # 查看所有的键
1) "key1"
127.0.0.1:6379> exists key1 # 判断某key是否存在
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> append key1 "hello" # 追加字符串,如果key1不存在即新建
(integer) 7
127.0.0.1:6379> get key1 # 查看键
"v1hello"
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> STRLEN key1 # 获取字符串的长度
(integer) 7
127.0.0.1:6379> APPEND key1 harley
(integer) 13
127.0.0.1:6379> STRLEN key1
(integer) 13
127.0.0.1:6379> get key1
"v1helloharley"
127.0.0.1:6379>
计数器
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> set views 0 # 初始值为0
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get views
"0"
127.0.0.1:6379> INCR views # 自增1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> get views
"1"
127.0.0.1:6379> INCR views
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> INCR views
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> get views
"3"
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> decr views # 自减1
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> decr views
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> get views
"1"
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> INCRBY views 10 # 步长10,自增10
(integer) 11
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> DECRBY views 5 # 自减5
(integer) 6
字符串范围
127.0.0.1:6379> set key1 "hello,harley" # 设置key1的值
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get key1
"hello,harley"
127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE key1 0 3 # 截取字符串[0,3]
"hell"
127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE key1 0 -1 # 获取全部的字符串 等同于get key
"hello,harley"
127.0.0.1:6379> set key2 abcdefg
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get key2
"abcdefg"
127.0.0.1:6379> SETRANGE key2 1 hello # 替换指定位置开始的字符串
(integer) 7
127.0.0.1:6379> get key2
"ahellog"
127.0.0.1:6379>
setex & setnx
127.0.0.1:6379> setex key3 30 "hello" # 设置过期时间30s, set with expire
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl key3
(integer) 27
127.0.0.1:6379> get key3
"hello"
127.0.0.1:6379> setnx mykey "redis" # 不存在设置(在分布式锁中会常常使用)
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl key3
(integer) -2
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
1) "key2"
2) "mykey"
3) "key1"
127.0.0.1:6379> setnx mykey "MongoDB"# 如果当前key存在则创建失败,返回0
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> get mykey
"redis"
127.0.0.1:6379>
批量设置值
127.0.0.1:6379> mset k1 v1 k2 v2 k3 v3 # 批量设置值
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
1) "k3"
2) "k1"
3) "k2"
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> mget k1 k2 k3 # 获取多个值
1) "v1"
2) "v2"
3) "v3"
127.0.0.1:6379> msetnx k1 v1 k4 v4 # 是一个原子性操作,k1已存在,所以执行失败
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
1) "k3"
2) "k1"
3) "k2"
127.0.0.1:6379>
对象
127.0.0.1:6379> mset user1:1:name zhangsan user1:1:age 18 # 设置name和age
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> mget user1:1:name user1:1:age # 批量获取值
1) "zhangsan"
2) "18"
127.0.0.1:6379>
getset
127.0.0.1:6379> getset db redis # 先返回get的值,再进行set
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> get db
"redis"
127.0.0.1:6379> getset db mongodb # 更新操作
"redis"
127.0.0.1:6379> get db
"mongodb"
适用场景
String类似的使用场景,value除了字符串还可以是数字
- 计数器
- 统计多单位的数量:uid:572413118:follow 0
- 粉丝数
- 对象存储
002 || List
基本的数据类型,列表。在redis里可以把list当做栈、队列、阻塞队列
可以在list的左右两边同时插入值
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list one # 将一个值或者多个值插入到列表的最左边
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list two
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list three
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1 # 获取到列表的所有值
1) "three"
2) "two"
3) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 1
1) "three"
2) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 0 # 获取最新插入的值
1) "three"
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> Rpush list four # 将值插入到列表最右边
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "three"
2) "two"
3) "one"
4) "four"
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "three"
2) "two"
3) "one"
4) "four"
127.0.0.1:6379> Lpop list # 移除list第一个元素
"three"
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> Rpop list # 移除list最后一个元素
"four"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "two"
2) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> lindex list 1 # 通过下标获取list中某一个值
"one"
127.0.0.1:6379> lindex list 0
"two"
127.0.0.1:6379>
获取到列表的长度
127.0.0.1:6379> Lpush list one
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> Lpush list two
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> Lpush list three
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> Llen list # 获取列表的值
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379>
移除元素
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list one
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list two
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list three
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> llen list
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list three
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "three"
2) "three"
3) "two"
4) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrem list 1 one # 移除list指定个数的value
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "three"
2) "three"
3) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrem list 2 three # 移除list中指定个数的value
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379>
只保留一部分值trim操作
127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist "hello"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist "hello1"
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist "hello2"
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist "hello3"
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> ltrim mylist 1 2 # 通过下标截取指定的长度,list的值发生变化
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist 0 -1
1) "hello1"
2) "hello2"
127.0.0.1:6379>
rpoplpush
移除列表的最后一个元素,并将其移动到新的列表中
127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist "hello"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist "hello1"
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist "hello2"
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> rpoplpush mylist myotherlist
"hello2"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "hello1"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange myotherlist 0 -1
1) "hello2"
127.0.0.1:6379>
lset
将列表中指定下标的值替换为另外一个值,更新操作
127.0.0.1:6379> exists list # 判断这个列表是否存在
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> lset list 0 item # 如果不存在列表,更新时会报错
(error) ERR no such key
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list value1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 0
1) "value1"
127.0.0.1:6379> lset list 0 item # 如果存在,则会更新指定下标的值
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 0
1) "item"
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> lset list 1 other # 如果不存在,则会报错
(error) ERR index out of range
127.0.0.1:6379>
linsert
将某个具体的value插入到list中某个元素的前面或者后面
127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist "hello"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist "world"
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> linsert mylist before world my
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "my"
3) "world"
127.0.0.1:6379> linsert mylist after my only
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "my"
3) "only"
4) "world"
127.0.0.1:6379>
- 实际上是一个链表,before Node after,可以在left和right都可以插入值
- 如果key不存在,则创建新的链表
- 如果key存在,则新增元素
- 如果移除了所有的值,则为空链表
- 在两边插入或者更新值,效率最高!中间元素,效率会比较低。
适用场景
- 消息队列
- 栈
003 || Set
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset hello # 向set中添加元素
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset harley
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset # 查看set中的值
1) "harley"
2) "hello"
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset loveyl
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset
1) "harley"
2) "loveyl"
3) "hello"
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset hello # set中的值是无序且不重复的
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> sismember myset harley # 查看set中是否存在某值
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sismember myset hello
(integer) 1
scard
获取set集合中内容元素个数
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset
1) "harley"
2) "loveyl"
3) "hello"
127.0.0.1:6379> scard myset
(integer) 3
srem
移除set中的指定值
127.0.0.1:6379> srem myset hello
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset
1) "harley"
2) "loveyl"
127.0.0.1:6379> scard myset
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379>
srandmemeber
随机抽选出一个元素
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset
1) "hahaha"
2) "harley"
3) "world"
4) "loveyl"
5) "hello"
127.0.0.1:6379> srandmember myset
"harley"
127.0.0.1:6379> srandmember myset
"world"
127.0.0.1:6379> srandmember myset
"hello"
127.0.0.1:6379> srandmember myset
"loveyl"
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> srandmember myset 2
1) "loveyl"
2) "world"
127.0.0.1:6379>
spop
随机删除一个元素
127.0.0.1:6379> spop myset
"hello"
127.0.0.1:6379> spop myset
"hahaha"
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset
1) "loveyl"
2) "harley"
3) "world"
127.0.0.1:6379>
smove
将一个指定的值移动到另外一个set中
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset hello
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset world
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset harley
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> smove myset myset2 harley
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset2
1) "harley"
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset
1) "world"
2) "hello"
127.0.0.1:6379>
差集 & 交集 & 并集
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd key1 a
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd key1 b
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd key1 c
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd key2 c
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd key2 d
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd key2 e
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sdiff key1 key2 # 差集
1) "a"
2) "b"
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter key1 key2 # 交集
1) "c"
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> sunion key1 key2 # 并集
1) "a"
2) "b"
3) "c"
4) "e"
5) "d"
127.0.0.1:6379>
004 || Hash
127.0.0.1:6379> hset myhash field1 harley # set一个具体的key-value
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hget myhash field1
"harley"
127.0.0.1:6379> hmset myhash field1 hello field2 world # set多个key-value
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> hmget myhash field1 field2 # 获取多个字段值
1) "hello"
2) "world"
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall myhash # 获取全部数据
1) "field1"
2) "hello"
3) "field2"
4) "world"
127.0.0.1:6379> hdel myhash field1 # 删除指定的key,value也会被删除
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall myhash
1) "field2"
2) "world"
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> hlen myhash # 查看hash的字段数量
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> hexists myhash field1 # 判断hash中指定字段是否存在
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> hexists myhash field2
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> hkeys myhash # 获取所有的字段
1) "field2"
127.0.0.1:6379> hvals myhash # 获取所有的值
1) "world"
hincrby & hsetnx
127.0.0.1:6379> hset myhash field3 5
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hincrby myhash field3 1 # 指定增量
(integer) 6
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall myhash
1) "field3"
2) "6"
127.0.0.1:6379> hincrby myhash field3 -2
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall myhash
1) "field3"
2) "4"
127.0.0.1:6379> hsetnx myhash field4 hello # 如果不存在可以设置值
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hsetnx myhash field4 world # 如果存在则会执行失败
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379>
hash变更的数据user
127.0.0.1:6379> hset user:1 name harley
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hget user:1 name
"harley"
127.0.0.1:6379>
适用场景
- 可以用于存储用户信息、经常变动的信息。
- hash更适合于对象的存储,String更适合字符串存储。
005 || Zset
有序集合,在set的基础上增加了一个值
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myzset 1 one
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myzset 2 two
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myzset 3 three 4 four # 添加多个值
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset 0 -1
1) "one"
2) "two"
3) "three"
4) "four"
127.0.0.1:6379>
zrangebyscore
排序
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd salary 2500 harley
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd salary 5000 cc_zeal
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd salary 500 jone
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore salary -inf +inf # 按照score升序排列
1) "jone"
2) "harley"
3) "cc_zeal"
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrange salary 0 -1 # 降序排列
1) "cc_zeal"
2) "harley"
3) "jone"
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore salary -inf +inf withscores
1) "jone"
2) "500"
3) "harley"
4) "2500"
5) "cc_zeal"
6) "5000"
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore salary -inf 2500 withscores # 显示小于2500的升序排列
1) "jone"
2) "500"
3) "harley"
4) "2500"
127.0.0.1:6379>
zrem
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange salary 0 -1
1) "jone"
2) "harley"
3) "cc_zeal"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrem salary jone # 移除有序集合中指定的元素
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange salary 0 -1
1) "harley"
2) "cc_zeal"
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> zcard salary # 获取有序集合中的个数
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myset 1 hello
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myset 2 world 3 harley
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> zcount myset 1 3 # 获取指定区间成员数量
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> zcount myset 1 2
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379>
006 || Geospatial
地理位置,推算地理位置的信息,两地之间的距离。
geoadd
添加地理位置,两极无法直接添加,一般会下载城市数据,用java程序一次性导入
key 值(维度、精度、名称)
127.0.0.1:6379> geoadd china:city 116.40 39.90 beijing # 添加城市的坐标
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> geoadd china:city 121.47 31.23 shanghai
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> geoadd china:city 106.50 29.53 chongqing
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> geoadd china:city 114.05 22.52 shenzhen
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> geoadd china:city 120.16 30.24 hangzhou 108.96 34.26 xian
(integer) 2
geops
127.0.0.1:6379> geopos china:city beijing # 获取指定城市的经度纬度
1) 1) "116.39999896287918091"2) "39.90000009167092543"
127.0.0.1:6379> geopos china:city beijing shanghai
1) 1) "116.39999896287918091"2) "39.90000009167092543"
2) 1) "121.47000163793563843"2) "31.22999903975783553"
127.0.0.1:6379>
geodist
127.0.0.1:6379> geodist china:city beijing shanghai # 获取两地的直线距离
"1067378.7564"
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> geodist china:city beijing shanghai km # 获取两地的直线距离(单位km)
"1067.3788"
127.0.0.1:6379>
georadius
以给定的经纬度为中心,找出某一半径内的元素
127.0.0.1:6379> georadius china:city 110 30 1000 km
1) "chongqing"
2) "xian"
3) "shenzhen"
4) "hangzhou"
127.0.0.1:6379> georadius china:city 110 30 500 km
1) "chongqing"
2) "xian"
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> georadius china:city 110 30 500 km withcoord # 经纬度
1) 1) "chongqing"2) 1) "106.49999767541885376"2) "29.52999957900659211"
2) 1) "xian"2) 1) "108.96000176668167114"2) "34.25999964418929977"
127.0.0.1:6379> georadius china:city 110 30 500 km withdist # 直线距离
1) 1) "chongqing"2) "341.9374"
2) 1) "xian"2) "483.8340"
georadiusbymember
找出指定元素周围的其他元素
127.0.0.1:6379> georadiusbymember china:city shanghai 500 km
1) "hangzhou"
2) "shanghai"
127.0.0.1:6379>
geohash
将二维的经纬度转换为一维的字符串,如果两个字符串越接近,距离越接近
127.0.0.1:6379> geohash china:city beijing chongqing
1) "wx4fbxxfke0" # 经纬度hash
2) "wm5xzrybty0" # 经纬度hash
127.0.0.1:6379>
清除
geo底层是zset,可以使用zset的命令清除掉geo的元素
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange china:city 0 -1
1) "chongqing"
2) "xian"
3) "shenzhen"
4) "hangzhou"
5) "shanghai"
6) "beijing"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrem china:city xian
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange china:city 0 -1
1) "chongqing"
2) "shenzhen"
3) "hangzhou"
4) "shanghai"
5) "beijing"
127.0.0.1:6379>
007 || Hyperloglog
略
008 || bitmap
略